MS 5.4 Use Fermat's method to factor each of the following numbers: (a) 2279. (b) 10541. (c) 340663 [Hint: The smallest square just exceeding 340663 is 5842.]
MS 5.4 Use Fermat's method to factor each of the following numbers: (a) 2279. (b) 10541. (c) 340663 [Hint: The smallest square just exceeding 340663 is 5842.]
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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![**Problems 5.4**
1. **Use Fermat's method to factor each of the following numbers:**
- (a) 2279.
- (b) 10541.
- (c) 340663. [*Hint: The smallest square just exceeding 340663 is 584².*]
2. **Prove that a perfect square must end in one of the following pairs of digits:** 00, 01, 04, 09, 16, 21, 24, 25, 29, 36, 41, 44, 49, 56, 61, 64, 69, 76, 81, 84, 89, 96.
*[Hint: Because \(x^2 \equiv (50 + x)^2 \mod 100\) and \(x^2 \equiv (50 - x)^2 \mod 100\), it suffices to examine the final digits of \(x^2\) for the 26 values \(x = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, 25\).]*
3. **Factor the number \(2^{11} - 1\) by Fermat's factorization method.**
4. **In 1647, Mersenne noted that when a number can be written as a sum of two relatively prime squares in two distinct ways, it is composite and can be factored as follows:**
If \(n = a^2 + b^2 = c^2 + d^2\), then
\[ n = \frac{(ac + bd)(ac - bd)}{(a + d)(a - d)} \]
Use this result to factor the numbers:
- \( 493 = 18^2 + 13^2 = 22^2 + 3^2\)
- \( 38025 = 168^2 + 99^2 = 156^2 + 117^2\)
5. **Employ the generalized Fermat method to factor each of the following numbers:**
- (a) 2911 [*Hint: \(138^2 \equiv 67^2 \mod 2911\).]
- (b) 4573 [*Hint: \(177^2 \equiv 92^](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F66c7b497-dac7-4855-b923-2e60bbc73063%2Fcf3f1760-3562-4214-ac57-a36b2742b898%2Fm2kl9pw.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Problems 5.4**
1. **Use Fermat's method to factor each of the following numbers:**
- (a) 2279.
- (b) 10541.
- (c) 340663. [*Hint: The smallest square just exceeding 340663 is 584².*]
2. **Prove that a perfect square must end in one of the following pairs of digits:** 00, 01, 04, 09, 16, 21, 24, 25, 29, 36, 41, 44, 49, 56, 61, 64, 69, 76, 81, 84, 89, 96.
*[Hint: Because \(x^2 \equiv (50 + x)^2 \mod 100\) and \(x^2 \equiv (50 - x)^2 \mod 100\), it suffices to examine the final digits of \(x^2\) for the 26 values \(x = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, 25\).]*
3. **Factor the number \(2^{11} - 1\) by Fermat's factorization method.**
4. **In 1647, Mersenne noted that when a number can be written as a sum of two relatively prime squares in two distinct ways, it is composite and can be factored as follows:**
If \(n = a^2 + b^2 = c^2 + d^2\), then
\[ n = \frac{(ac + bd)(ac - bd)}{(a + d)(a - d)} \]
Use this result to factor the numbers:
- \( 493 = 18^2 + 13^2 = 22^2 + 3^2\)
- \( 38025 = 168^2 + 99^2 = 156^2 + 117^2\)
5. **Employ the generalized Fermat method to factor each of the following numbers:**
- (a) 2911 [*Hint: \(138^2 \equiv 67^2 \mod 2911\).]
- (b) 4573 [*Hint: \(177^2 \equiv 92^
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