Motor neuron 1. 4 Muscle fiber nucleus Myofibril of muscle fiber Figure 10.15. Details of the neuromuscular junction. O bluedoor, LLC The numbers 1-4 indicate the chain of events that occur at the neuromuscular junction. Put these events in chronological order by placing a 1 in the blank before the first event, etc. Refer back to Figure 10.15 for information. Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft. Nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal. Synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate. Answer the following questions. 1. Which event listed above is the point at which myasthenia gravis interrupts the process? Explain why. 2. One treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Suggest why this might be a successful treatment.

Motor neuron 1. 4 Muscle fiber nucleus Myofibril of muscle fiber Figure 10.15. Details of the neuromuscular junction. O bluedoor, LLC The numbers 1-4 indicate the chain of events that occur at the neuromuscular junction. Put these events in chronological order by placing a 1 in the blank before the first event, etc. Refer back to Figure 10.15 for information. Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft. Nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal. Synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate. Answer the following questions. 1. Which event listed above is the point at which myasthenia gravis interrupts the process? Explain why. 2. One treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Suggest why this might be a successful treatment.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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How would exposure to a sarin or sarin-like chemical affect calcium levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of a skeletal muscle? Group of answer choices An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR pick one answer
Jane is wishing to artificially stimulate neurotransmitter release by a motor neuron. She should be able to do this by electrically activating the neuron (TRUE or FALSE) and/or by injecting potassium ions into the synaptic terminal/knob region (TRUE or FALSE).
Place the events at the neuromuscular junction in the order in which they occur: 1. release of acetylcholine (ACh) 2. activation of ACH receptors on the motor endplate 3. termination of the ACh activity by acetylcholinesterase 4. arrival of an action potential at the synaptic end bulb 5. diffusion of ACh across the synaptic cleft 6. opening of NA* channels in the motor endplate 7. production of a muscle fiber action potential O 4,1,2,5,6,7,3 4,1,5,6,2,7,3 4,1,5,2,7,6,3 4,1,5,2,6,7,3
Place the steps leading to muscle contraction in the correct order. Calcium allows myosin to bind to the actin. A message travels down the axon of a nerve. Myosin pulls on the actin causing the muscle to shorten. An electrical wave of the action potential travels across the muscle cell and deep into the interior of the cell. The end of the axon of the nerve releases the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. The electrical charge causes calcium to be released into the cytoplasm of the muscle. The neurotransmitter, acetylcholine travels across the space between the axon ending and the muscle. The neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, binds to receptors on the muscle.
Which of the following statements about action potentials and information transmission in the synaptic cleft is FALSE? 1. Action potentials determine the amount of neurotransmitters that are released into the synaptic cleft 2.Action potentials ultimately result in more calcium leaving the target cell at the postsynaptic membrane 3. Action potentials determine the duration that neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft 4. Action potentials ultimately result in more calcium entering the neuron at the axon terminal
One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above. Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle contracts vs. relaxes. What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation? Region / Structure A-Band H-Band I-Band M-Line Z-Line Zone of Overlap Sarcomere No change Shortens Lengthens Muscle Contraction Muscle Relaxation
A chemical synapse is a type of synapse that occurs between two neurons and between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibers (i.e. at a Neuromuscular junction, NMJ). Compare and contrast the specific events that occur at chemical synapses at these two sites. Describe clearly how they are similar and how they are different, starting at the arrival of a nerve impulse at the pre-synaptic neuron and ending up with the changes observed at the postsynaptic membranes.
Order the following events that occur during a nerve impulse. a few milliseconds behind the Na channels, K channels open and allow K into the cell (-70 mV) Na voltage-gated channel opens and Na leaves the cell (-55 mV) some stimulus is detected (-70 mV) more Na outside the cell causes other nearby Na channels to open (+35 mV) the cell rebalances the Na and K ions in preparation for the next impulse (~3-4ms)
Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria that produces a toxin. The toxin is deadly to most animals, because it prevents vesicle movement inside the axons of motor neurons. If a person were to consume food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, which of the following would most likely occur? flaccid paralysis because their motor neurons would not be able to conduct action potentials along their axons. spastic paralysis because their motor neurons would release too much acetylcholine at the synapse with a muscle fiber spastic paralysis because their motor neurons would conduct too many action potentials along their axons. flaccid paralysis because their motor neurons would not be able to release acetylcholine at the synapse with a muscle fiber
write down in order Place in order the events that occur for a muscle contraction to begin at a sarcomere. Calcium ion is removed from troponin-tropomyosin on actin Calcium binds with troponin-tropomyosin on actin Actin joins myosin forming crossbridge Action potential depolarizes T-tubules Vesicles within terminal axon release ACh which diffuses across synaptic cleft Calcium ions release from sarcoplasmic reticulum ATP binds to myosin crossbridge, breaking bond
Which of the following are correct regarding processes that are involved in the Latent period of a muscle twitch? (choose all that apply) Acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors on the motor-end-plate Myosin binds with Actin forming the "cross-bridge" Power-Stroke Cycling is occurring Action potential travels down T-Tubules O Calcium is released from Terminal Cisternae and binds to Troponin
Put the following steps that occur at the synapse during information transfer between neurons in order. 1 [ Choose ] [Choose ] Calcium causes release of neurotransmitter from cells Channel proteins open to allow Na+ into cells and generate an action pote Neurotransmitter binds to a specific receptor on post-synaptic neuron Neurotransmitter diffuses into synaptic space Action potential arrives and causes Ca2+ to diffuse [ Choose 4 [ Choose ] [ Choose ]