Most software, including operating systems, is not error free when it is first released. Some programs, in fact, contain thousands of problems, called bugs. Software companies regularly release fixes (called patches) to correct known issues with released software. Many hackers and other criminals target these bugs with computer viruses or other attacks, frequently on the day a new vulnerability is announced—called a zero-day attack. Obviously, the acts by these criminals are not ethical, but what responsibility does a software company have to consumers if they are put at risk due to the company’s carelessness or rush to market? What responsibility do consumers have to make sure they keep their computers patched against new vulnerabilities?

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