Molecule C2H2 SF5 NO3 Lewis structure include lone pairs & formal charges on each atom Resonance structures don’t have to include lone pairs; write N/A if there are non Electron Geometry
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
Molecule C2H2 SF5 NO3
Lewis structure
include lone pairs
& formal charges
on each atom
Resonance structures
don’t have
to include lone pairs;
write N/A if there are non
Electron Geometry
Hybridization
on central atom
Overlapping orbitals
include the
value of n in the orbital
name (e.g. 1s, not s). σ: _______ σ: ______ σ: _____
Write N/A if that kind of bond is π: __ π: __ π: __
not present in the molecule
Molecular Geometry
Bond angle(s)
include < as necessary
3D structure and polarity
don’t have to include lone pairs;
draw the dipole arrow on
the molecule or write “non-polar”
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