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Model 5: Isotope Natural Abundances Atom Most common isotope C O S N CI Br ¹²C (100) 160 (100) 32S (100) 14N (100) Jump in Mass (no. extra neutrons) +1 Next most common isotope (no. found for every 100 atoms of most common isotope) 13C (1.11) 150 (0.20) 34S (4.40) 15N (0.38) 37 Cl (32.5) 81Br (98.0) 35 CI (100) 79Br (100) 13 For example: There are 1.11 ¹C atoms on the planet for every 100 ¹2C atoms. Equivalent ways of saying this are: There are likely to be 111 C atoms in a sample of 10,111 carbon atoms or 1.10% of the carbon on the planet is 1³C (since 111/10,111 x 100% = 1.10%). Critical Thinking Questions 15. What does the superscript to the left of each atom label tell you (e.g., the 12 in ¹2C)?

Model 5: Isotope Natural Abundances Atom Most common isotope C O S N CI Br ¹²C (100) 160 (100) 32S (100) 14N (100) Jump in Mass (no. extra neutrons) +1 Next most common isotope (no. found for every 100 atoms of most common isotope) 13C (1.11) 150 (0.20) 34S (4.40) 15N (0.38) 37 Cl (32.5) 81Br (98.0) 35 CI (100) 79Br (100) 13 For example: There are 1.11 ¹C atoms on the planet for every 100 ¹2C atoms. Equivalent ways of saying this are: There are likely to be 111 C atoms in a sample of 10,111 carbon atoms or 1.10% of the carbon on the planet is 1³C (since 111/10,111 x 100% = 1.10%). Critical Thinking Questions 15. What does the superscript to the left of each atom label tell you (e.g., the 12 in ¹2C)?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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16. Consider the data in Model 5: a. What is the mass of the most common isotope of carbon? b. What is the mass of the next most common isotope of carbon? c. The extra mass in \(^{13}C\) is due to an extra neutron. Complete the chart by writing in the other **number of extra neutrons** needed to make each "next most common isotope." 17. If you were to randomly choose one methane molecule (CH\(_4\)) on this planet, what mass (in amu) is it **most likely** to have? 18. Given a sample of methane (CH\(_4\)) molecules, what percentage will contain a \(^{13}C\) atom (i.e., \(^{13}CH_4\)) and weigh 17 amu? 19. Imagine a barrel of raffle tickets. 1.1% of the tickets in the barrel are winners. a. What is your **percent chance** of winning if you buy **one** ticket? b. What is your **percent chance** of winning if you buy **two** tickets? c. What is your **percent chance** of winning if you buy **six** tickets? 20. Imagine that you are building models of alkanes (e.g., methane, ethane, hexane) using a huge bag of C atoms, 1.1% of which are marked with a “13” to indicate they represent \(^{13}C\) atoms. a. How many times do you reach into the bag if you are building a model of methane? …ethane? …hexane? b. In a sample of ethane molecules (CH\(_3\)CH\(_3\)), 2.2% of the molecules are expected to contain one \(^{13}C\) atom. What percentage of propane (CH\(_3\)CH\(_2\)CH\(_3\)) molecules will contain one \(^{13}C\) atom? Explain your reasoning. 21. In a sample of hexane molecules (CH\(_3\)-CH\(_2\)-CH\(_2\)-CH\(_2\)-CH\(_2\)-CH\(_3\)), for every 100 molecules in the sample that weigh 86 amu, how many will weigh
Transcribed Image Text:16. Consider the data in Model 5: a. What is the mass of the most common isotope of carbon? b. What is the mass of the next most common isotope of carbon? c. The extra mass in \(^{13}C\) is due to an extra neutron. Complete the chart by writing in the other **number of extra neutrons** needed to make each "next most common isotope." 17. If you were to randomly choose one methane molecule (CH\(_4\)) on this planet, what mass (in amu) is it **most likely** to have? 18. Given a sample of methane (CH\(_4\)) molecules, what percentage will contain a \(^{13}C\) atom (i.e., \(^{13}CH_4\)) and weigh 17 amu? 19. Imagine a barrel of raffle tickets. 1.1% of the tickets in the barrel are winners. a. What is your **percent chance** of winning if you buy **one** ticket? b. What is your **percent chance** of winning if you buy **two** tickets? c. What is your **percent chance** of winning if you buy **six** tickets? 20. Imagine that you are building models of alkanes (e.g., methane, ethane, hexane) using a huge bag of C atoms, 1.1% of which are marked with a “13” to indicate they represent \(^{13}C\) atoms. a. How many times do you reach into the bag if you are building a model of methane? …ethane? …hexane? b. In a sample of ethane molecules (CH\(_3\)CH\(_3\)), 2.2% of the molecules are expected to contain one \(^{13}C\) atom. What percentage of propane (CH\(_3\)CH\(_2\)CH\(_3\)) molecules will contain one \(^{13}C\) atom? Explain your reasoning. 21. In a sample of hexane molecules (CH\(_3\)-CH\(_2\)-CH\(_2\)-CH\(_2\)-CH\(_2\)-CH\(_3\)), for every 100 molecules in the sample that weigh 86 amu, how many will weigh
**Model 5: Isotope Natural Abundances** | Atom | Most common isotope | Jump in Mass (no. extra neutrons) | Next most common isotope (no. found for every 100 atoms of most common isotope) | |------|----------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | C | \(^{12}\text{C (100)}\) | +1 | \(^{13}\text{C (1.11)}\) | | O | \(^{16}\text{O (100)}\) | +2 | \(^{18}\text{O (0.20)}\) | | S | \(^{32}\text{S (100)}\) | +2 | \(^{34}\text{S (4.40)}\) | | N | \(^{14}\text{N (100)}\) | +3 | \(^{15}\text{N (0.38)}\) | | Cl | \(^{35}\text{Cl (100)}\) | +2 | \(^{37}\text{Cl (32.5)}\) | | Br | \(^{79}\text{Br (100)}\) | +2 | \(^{81}\text{Br (98.0)}\) | *Example:* There are 1.11 \(^{13}\text{C}\) atoms on the planet for every 100 \(^{12}\text{C}\) atoms. Equivalent ways of expressing this are: There are likely to be 111 \(^{13}\text{C}\) atoms in a sample of 10,111 carbon atoms or 1.10% of the carbon on the planet is \(^{13}\text{C}\) (since 111/10,111 × 100% = 1.10%). **Critical Thinking Questions** 15. What does the superscript to the left of each atom label tell you (e.g., the 12 in \(^{12}\)C)?
Transcribed Image Text:**Model 5: Isotope Natural Abundances** | Atom | Most common isotope | Jump in Mass (no. extra neutrons) | Next most common isotope (no. found for every 100 atoms of most common isotope) | |------|----------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | C | \(^{12}\text{C (100)}\) | +1 | \(^{13}\text{C (1.11)}\) | | O | \(^{16}\text{O (100)}\) | +2 | \(^{18}\text{O (0.20)}\) | | S | \(^{32}\text{S (100)}\) | +2 | \(^{34}\text{S (4.40)}\) | | N | \(^{14}\text{N (100)}\) | +3 | \(^{15}\text{N (0.38)}\) | | Cl | \(^{35}\text{Cl (100)}\) | +2 | \(^{37}\text{Cl (32.5)}\) | | Br | \(^{79}\text{Br (100)}\) | +2 | \(^{81}\text{Br (98.0)}\) | *Example:* There are 1.11 \(^{13}\text{C}\) atoms on the planet for every 100 \(^{12}\text{C}\) atoms. Equivalent ways of expressing this are: There are likely to be 111 \(^{13}\text{C}\) atoms in a sample of 10,111 carbon atoms or 1.10% of the carbon on the planet is \(^{13}\text{C}\) (since 111/10,111 × 100% = 1.10%). **Critical Thinking Questions** 15. What does the superscript to the left of each atom label tell you (e.g., the 12 in \(^{12}\)C)?
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Since you have posted multiple questions, according to guidelines I am solving first one.If you want solution of a particular problem then mention it and post it separately.Thank you 

Given that,

12C 16O 32S 14N 35Cl 79Br

What does the superscript to the left of each atom tells us?

 

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