Mobile Telephones have evolved in a number of ways, from 1G to 4G. Compare them in terms of Standards used and Features. The submissions should be to the point and precise. The "G" stands for "GENERATION." Each Generation is referred to as a collection of phone network specifications that describe how a specific mobile phone system is technologically implemented. Each new generation of services is an improvement toward the goal of wireless communication, which is to offer high-quality, dependable communication similar to wired communication (optical fiber). 1G: The first mobile phone generation, or 1G, made use of analog cellular networks. 1G only supported voice communications. The key technology that was introduced was the use of several cell towers since it provided the ability to shift calls from one site or tower to the next when the user moved between or during calls. As voice calls are relayed between radio towers, their frequency is reduced to 150MHz and higher. The first supported devices were 1G, which utilised AMPS and NMT. Frequency Division Multiple Access was the system utilized by 1G. 2G: Because 2G phone systems used digital transmission rather than analog transmission, they were distinct from the 1G phone systems. Digital signals were employed by 2G, which consumed less battery power. SMS text messaging was made possible via 2G. For voice and data in 2G, circuit switching was employed. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) used by 2G was capable of transmitting data at rates ranging from 56 kbit/s to 115 kbit/s. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), a developed version of GSM that allowed for the quick and clear transfer of information and data up to 236 kbit/s, was also implemented by 2G. 3G: High speed IP data networks were offered via 3G. Up to 384Kbps of data transmission speed was possible with 3G. For data transmission, 3G used packet switching as opposed to circuit switching, whereas for audio transmission, it used circuit switching. High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), a communication protocol under the High Speed Packet Access standard, was another feature of 3G. 4G: The 4G network advanced mobile broadband. LTE and LTE Advanced are the 4G standards in use. Circuit switching was done away with in favor of an all-IP network in 4G. Peak download and upload speeds for 4G LTE are 100 Mbit/s and 50 Mbit/s, respectively. For voice and data transfer over 4G, packet switching and digital switching are used.

Mobile Telephones have evolved in a number of ways, from 1G to 4G. Compare them in terms of Standards used and Features. The submissions should be to the point and precise. The "G" stands for "GENERATION." Each Generation is referred to as a collection of phone network specifications that describe how a specific mobile phone system is technologically implemented. Each new generation of services is an improvement toward the goal of wireless communication, which is to offer high-quality, dependable communication similar to wired communication (optical fiber). 1G: The first mobile phone generation, or 1G, made use of analog cellular networks. 1G only supported voice communications. The key technology that was introduced was the use of several cell towers since it provided the ability to shift calls from one site or tower to the next when the user moved between or during calls. As voice calls are relayed between radio towers, their frequency is reduced to 150MHz and higher. The first supported devices were 1G, which utilised AMPS and NMT. Frequency Division Multiple Access was the system utilized by 1G. 2G: Because 2G phone systems used digital transmission rather than analog transmission, they were distinct from the 1G phone systems. Digital signals were employed by 2G, which consumed less battery power. SMS text messaging was made possible via 2G. For voice and data in 2G, circuit switching was employed. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) used by 2G was capable of transmitting data at rates ranging from 56 kbit/s to 115 kbit/s. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), a developed version of GSM that allowed for the quick and clear transfer of information and data up to 236 kbit/s, was also implemented by 2G. 3G: High speed IP data networks were offered via 3G. Up to 384Kbps of data transmission speed was possible with 3G. For data transmission, 3G used packet switching as opposed to circuit switching, whereas for audio transmission, it used circuit switching. High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), a communication protocol under the High Speed Packet Access standard, was another feature of 3G. 4G: The 4G network advanced mobile broadband. LTE and LTE Advanced are the 4G standards in use. Circuit switching was done away with in favor of an all-IP network in 4G. Peak download and upload speeds for 4G LTE are 100 Mbit/s and 50 Mbit/s, respectively. For voice and data transfer over 4G, packet switching and digital switching are used.

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

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Mobile Telephones have evolved in a number of ways, from 1G to 4G. Compare them in terms of Standards used and Features. The submissions should be to the point and precise.

The "G" stands for "GENERATION." Each Generation is referred to as a collection of phone network specifications that describe how a specific mobile phone system is technologically implemented. Each new generation of services is an improvement toward the goal of wireless communication, which is to offer high-quality, dependable communication similar to wired communication (optical fiber).

1G:
The first mobile phone generation, or 1G, made use of analog cellular networks.
1G only supported voice communications.
The key technology that was introduced was the use of several cell towers since it provided the ability to shift calls from one site or tower to the next when the user moved between or during calls. As voice calls are relayed between radio towers, their frequency is reduced to 150MHz and higher.
The first supported devices were 1G, which utilised AMPS and NMT.
Frequency Division Multiple Access was the system utilized by 1G.

2G:
Because 2G phone systems used digital transmission rather than analog transmission, they were distinct from the 1G phone systems. Digital signals were employed by 2G, which consumed less battery power.
SMS text messaging was made possible via 2G. For voice and data in 2G, circuit switching was employed.
The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) used by 2G was capable of transmitting data at rates ranging from 56 kbit/s to 115 kbit/s.
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), a developed version of GSM that allowed for the quick and clear transfer of information and data up to 236 kbit/s, was also implemented by 2G.

3G:
High speed IP data networks were offered via 3G.
Up to 384Kbps of data transmission speed was possible with 3G.
For data transmission, 3G used packet switching as opposed to circuit switching, whereas for audio transmission, it used circuit switching.
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), a communication protocol under the High Speed Packet Access standard, was another feature of 3G.

4G:
The 4G network advanced mobile broadband.
LTE and LTE Advanced are the 4G standards in use.
Circuit switching was done away with in favor of an all-IP network in 4G.
Peak download and upload speeds for 4G LTE are 100 Mbit/s and 50 Mbit/s, respectively.
For voice and data transfer over 4G, packet switching and digital switching are used.

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