Milk has a pHpH of 6.7, which is slightly acidic. Cheese makers add a culture to milk to lower the pHpH, making it more acidic and turning it into cheese. A manufacturer is experimenting with a new culture that claims to produce a pHpH of 5.2, which is perfect for cheddar cheese. A set of 50 test batches resulted in an average pHpH of 5.11. A one-sample tt-test was conducted to investigate whether there is evidence that the mean pHpH is different from 5.2. The test resulted in a pp-value of 0.018. Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the p-value? The probability that the true pHpH is equal to 5.2 is 0.018. The probability that the true pHpH is different from 5.2 is 0.018. The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or less is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2. The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or more is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2. The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or less, or of 5.29 or more, is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2.

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Milk has a pHpH of 6.7, which is slightly acidic. Cheese makers add a culture to milk to lower the pHpH, making it more acidic and turning it into cheese. A manufacturer is experimenting with a new culture that claims to produce a pHpH of 5.2, which is perfect for cheddar cheese. A set of 50 test batches resulted in an average pHpH of 5.11. A one-sample tt-test was conducted to investigate whether there is evidence that the mean pHpH is different from 5.2. The test resulted in a pp-value of 0.018.

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the p-value?

  • The probability that the true pHpH is equal to 5.2 is 0.018.

  • The probability that the true pHpH is different from 5.2 is 0.018.

  • The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or less is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2.

  • The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or more is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2.

  • The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or less, or of 5.29 or more, is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2.

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