Michelson used rotating mirrors, similar to those shown below, to calculate the speed of light. Light is emitted from the light source, reflects from mirror surface X to the plane mirror, and then to the position of surface Z. By the time the light moves from the X to Z position, mirror surface X will have moved to the position of mirror surface Z. The light then continues to the observer. The distances from the light source and the observer to the rotating mirrors are negligible. The distance from the rotating mirrors to the plane mirror is 35.0 km.

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