Methanal can be made through the partial oxidation of methane using O2 in the presence of a catalyst: CH4 (g) + O2 (g) → CH2O(g) +H2O(g) a. Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction. Bond ΔΗ (kJ/mol C–H 413 0=0 498 O=C 745 0–H 463 Enthalpy change = kJ b. Calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction from enthalpies of formation. Substance A;H (kJ/mol) CH4 (g) -74.87 02 (8) H2O(g) -241.8 CH20(g) -115.9 Enthalpy change = kJ
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![Methanal can be made through the partial oxidation of methane using O2 in the presence of a catalyst:
CH4 (g) + O2 (g) → CH2O(g) + H,O(g)
a. Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction.
Bond
ΔΗ (kJ/mol)
C-H
413
O=0
498
O=C
745
0-H
463
Enthalpy change =
kJ
b. Calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction from enthalpies of formation.
Substance
A;H (kJ/mol)
CH4 (g)
-74.87
O2 (g)
H2 O(g)
-241.8
CH20(g)
-115.9
Enthalpy change
kJ](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6b0666d1-5014-4a71-a940-7320d5ec2b15%2Fc7ff43f5-57ea-4dcb-a2c1-8429ef2f637f%2Fzff1i7_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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