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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
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- Mendel's P1 Dihybrid Cross First parental (P1) generation WWGG wWgg Gametes WG Wg First filial (F1) generation Genotype Phenotype g bns es WwGg round and yellow- seeded plants Figure 1.3 Activity 4. SELF-CHECK 1. Based on the reșults of the dihybrid cross, can you tell which traits are dominant? Recessive? The P1 dihybrid cross is illustrated in Figure 1.3. Study it carefully. Capital letter W represents round pea seed which is dominant over wrinkled pea seed (w). Second parental (P2) generation (F1 self-pollinated) Ww Gg WwGg WG riWg WG of WG Gametes wG wG wg wg Second filial (F1) generation WG Wg wG to vitnsb Male wg Female WwGg 4 8 WWGg 2 wwgg 6 WwGg 10 14 WG WWGG 1 WWGG 3 Wg wG wWGg 5 WwGg 9 WwGg 13 WwGg 7 wwGg 11 wwGg 15 Wwgg wwGg 12 16 Wg Wwgg wwgg 2WwGg 4WwGg 2Wwgg Genotypic ratio 1 WWGG 2 WWG9 1WWgg 1wwGG 2wwGg 1wwggBIU A- == 三E 12 - Match each of the following examples to the appropriate type of non-Mendelian inheritance. 1. A homozygous recessive genotype for the gene that encodes phenylalanine hydroxylase (which breaks down the amino acid phenylalanine) causes lighter skin color, a musty odor, differences in intellectual development, and seizures. 2. In pea plants, alleles of Gene W control flower color, with the dominant allele (W) leading to purple flower.color, and the recessive allele (w) leading to white flower color. Usually, a genotype of WW or Ww leads to purple flowers. However, when Gene C is homozygous recessive, WW or Ww plants always have white flowers. 3. In mallard ducks, feather coloring is controlled by Gene F. A dominant allele (F) leads to green head feathers, while a recessive allele (f) leads to brown head feathers. In male mallards, inheritance of one or more F alleles always leads to the green head feather trait. But female mallards always have brown head feathers,…42 According to MENDEL'S LAWS, an individual who is heterozygous for a trait and an individual who is recessive for the same trait will produce offspring that Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. must all share tsame phenotype a must all share the same genotype could display any of three phenotypes could display either of 2 phenotypes
- Chi-square Test In the pea plants use by Gregor Mendel in his study, the purple flower color is dominant over white,and the axial position on a branch is dominant over terminal. A plant believed to be heterozygouswas selfed and produced flowers with the following phenotypes: 23 white terminal68 white axial81 purple terminal187 purple axial a. assign alleles to the different traitspurple __________ axial ___________white ___________ terminal _______ b. refer to the image attachedWhich of the following statements is true about the molecular basis of Mendel's second law? OThe random attachment of the sister chromatids and the split of them into different daughter cells during the second round of cell division in Meiosis ensure Mendel's second law of independent assortment of alleles. OThe random attachment of the sister chromatids and the split of them into different daughter cells during the first round of cell division in Meiosis ensure Mendel's 2nd law. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of sister chromatids during the second round of cell division in Meiosis. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the second round of cell division in Meiosis. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first round of cell division in Meiosis.Mendel performs a cross using a true-breeding pea plant with round, yellow seeds and a true- breeding pea plant with green, wrinkled seeds. What is the probability that offspring will have green, round seeds? Calculate the probability for the F1 and F2 generations.
- The following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in red. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color-blind if the father is a normal man? If the father is color-blind?5 & :56M ******* 24 DIHYBRID CROSSES DRV 0 Stv T alı A @ zladenA 9160p2-id2 bns obidalbaneoviene da II\ MOD YR 21 $59A ... Create a dihybrid cross and determine the expected phenotypic percentages of the offspring of two corn plants both of which are heterozygous for colour and texture (RrTt X RrTt). Don't forget to include clear let statements, and follow the all six steps taught on solving genetics problems. insig moni nellog: bna. zoomNow cross two of the F₁ offspring. Parent 1 Gametes F2 Offspring Parent 2 Gametes 24. What is the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation? 25. In the dihybrid cross you have considered two traits at a time. Although the number of traits has increased by one, what has happened to the number of possible phenotypes of offspring produced in the F2 generation? ni llit asa2013 bhidydenom sih at Simons 1:11 sabrax gatame
- Hi, I'm having trouble with my study guide for my upcoming genetics exam. If someone could please help with work shown and an explanation it would help so much! Thank you!! 2a. The pedigree below represents inheritance of rare condition. What pattern of inheritance is most consistent with the data? Assign alleles to all individuals to support your answer. If an allele is unknown, assign it a ? symbol. NOTE: Individuals whose phenotype or genotype cannot be determined are assumed to be unaffected and homozygous, unless otherwise indicated. 2b. In addition to the alleles you’ve indicated, describe 2 overall features of the pedigree that make it consistent with your chosen form of inheritance. 2c. Based on your mode of inheritance, what is the probability that the child of couple IV-4 x IV-5 will be affected? Show your work. attached is the pedigree. Considering the yellow and green pea color phenotypes studied by Gregor Mendel:a. What is the biochemical function of the proteinthat is specified by the gene responsible for thepea color phenotype?b. A null allele of a gene is an allele that does notspecify any of the biochemical function that thegene normally provides. Of the two alleles Y and y,which is more likely to be a null allele?c. In terms of the underlying biochemistry, why is theY allele dominant to the y allele?d. Why are peas that are yy homozygotes green?e. The amount of the protein specified by a gene isroughly proportional to the number of functionalcopies of the gene carried by a cell or individual.What do the phenotypes of YY homozygotes, Yyheterozygotes, and yy homozygotes tell us aboutthe amount of the Sgr enzyme (the product of thepea color gene) needed to produce a yellow color?The following diagram shows a hypothetical diploid cell. The recessive allele for albinism is represented by a, and d represents the recessive allele for deafness. The normal alleles for these conditions are represented by A and D, respectively. Please use the symbols A, a, D and d as appropriate to help me understand your answer. a а D 1. According to Mendel's principal of segregation, what is segregating in this cell? 2. According to Mendel's principle of independent assortment, what is independently assorting in this cell? 3. What is the phenotype of this individual? © Cengage Learning