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mations: (a) Draw a plausible mechanism for each of the following transfor- (b) 1) NaOH 2) H₂O HO OH CI HẠN NH ock CI Excess pyridine N H

mations: (a) Draw a plausible mechanism for each of the following transfor- (b) 1) NaOH 2) H₂O HO OH CI HẠN NH ock CI Excess pyridine N H

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Draw a plausible mechanism for each of the following transformations:

**Title: Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry** **Instructions:** Draw a plausible mechanism for each of the following transformations: **(a) Reaction Transformation:** - **Starting Material:** A cyclic ester (lactone) is shown as a five-membered ring with an oxygen double bonded to the carbonyl carbon. - **Reagents:** 1) NaOH 2) H₂O - **Product:** A linear chain with two alcohol groups at each end and a carbonyl group in the middle. This transformation involves the conversion of a lactone to a di-acid via hydrolysis. **(b) Reaction Transformation:** - **Starting Material:** An aromatic compound with two carbonyl chloride (Cl) groups on an adjacent carbon of the benzene ring. - **Reagents:** - Hydrazine (H₂N-NH₂) - Excess pyridine - **Product:** A heterocyclic compound where the carbonyl groups are transformed, indicating a cyclization involving nitrogen. This transformation highlights the conversion of phthaloyl chloride to a cyclic product with nitrogen, indicating the formation of a phthalimide derivative. The conversion details the interaction of these reagents under specified conditions, emphasizing the alteration of bonds and rearrangement of structures to reach the final compounds.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry** **Instructions:** Draw a plausible mechanism for each of the following transformations: **(a) Reaction Transformation:** - **Starting Material:** A cyclic ester (lactone) is shown as a five-membered ring with an oxygen double bonded to the carbonyl carbon. - **Reagents:** 1) NaOH 2) H₂O - **Product:** A linear chain with two alcohol groups at each end and a carbonyl group in the middle. This transformation involves the conversion of a lactone to a di-acid via hydrolysis. **(b) Reaction Transformation:** - **Starting Material:** An aromatic compound with two carbonyl chloride (Cl) groups on an adjacent carbon of the benzene ring. - **Reagents:** - Hydrazine (H₂N-NH₂) - Excess pyridine - **Product:** A heterocyclic compound where the carbonyl groups are transformed, indicating a cyclization involving nitrogen. This transformation highlights the conversion of phthaloyl chloride to a cyclic product with nitrogen, indicating the formation of a phthalimide derivative. The conversion details the interaction of these reagents under specified conditions, emphasizing the alteration of bonds and rearrangement of structures to reach the final compounds.
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