Match the terms to their corresponding definitions. 1. long strands of DNA 2. each half of the x-shape 3. sex cells 4. groups of proteins that keep DNA organized a. chromatids b. chromosomes c. histones d. gametes
Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
Match the terms to their corresponding definitions.
1. long strands of DNA
2. each half of the x-shape
3. sex cells
4. groups of proteins that keep DNA organized
a. chromatids
b. chromosomes
c. histones
d. gametes
DNA is the genetic material in living organisms. Chromosomes are filamentous thread-like structures found in nucleus of cells. Each eukaryotic chromosome consists of linear, double stranded DNA molecule complex with about twice as much protein by weight as DNA (chromatin fibers), which is then condensed to form chromosomes. So, chromosomes are long strands of DNA.
Each chromosome at metaphase is made up of two symmetrical chromatids which are held together by centromere. The chromosome is X shaped so we can say that its half is called chromatid.
Histones are positively charged proteins that condense and organize DNA into structural units called nucleosomes(basic structural and functional unit of chromatin).
Gametes are male and female reproductive cells (sex cells), develop in gonads, which contains only half of the normal number of chromosomes and called as haploid. Male gamete is called sperm and female gamete is called egg/ovum. The union of sperm and egg is called fertilization and forms zygote.
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