28 **Question 28**Match the compounds on the left with the important roles they play listed on the right. (Answers are used only once)1. Prostaglandins2. Vitamin E3. Sphingolipids4. Thromboxanes5. Vitamin A- A: important component of myelin membranes in brain- B: blood clotting- C: acts as antioxidant- D: necessary for sight- E: mediates pain and inflammation---**Question 29**Jessica, after graduating from UTRGV, moved to England to pursue a PhD in Biochemistry. She discovered a mutant yeast in which the glycolysis pathway is *shorter* because:Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H₂O + NAD⁺ → 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H⁺What is the **NET yield of ATP** made by this mutant yeast in the conversion of 1 mole of glucose to 2 moles of pyruvate? Justify your answer.*Instructions for the toolbar usage are provided but are irrelevant for the transcription.*

Prostaglandins is derived from arachidonic acid, contain a five carbon ring. Prostaglandins are synthesize from arachidonic acid by the enzyme cyclooxygenase(cox). There are two isozymes of cox, COX-1 and COX-2. COX-2 mediates inflammation and pain. Aspirin is used as an inhibitor of prostaglandins. Vitamin E consists of eight naturally occurring tocopherols. The most common is α-tocopherol. The primary action of vitamin E is, it act as an antioxidant in prevention of non-enzymatic oxidation of cell components by molecular oxygen and free radicals. Vitamin E deficiency causes a variety of nuromuscular pathologies. Sphingolipids, is the membranes lipids have polar head group and two non polar tails. Sphingomyelins is one of the subclass, they contains phosphocholine as their polar head group. They are present as a myelin sheet in brain. Thromboxanes are six membered ring derived from prostaglandins in the blood platelets(thrombocytes) by enzyme thromboxane synthase. They act as vasoconstrictor and stimulator of platelets aggregation. This is the first step of blood clotting.Vitamin A, it is an isoprenoid alcohol and function as hormones as well as visual pigments. Retinal, a Vitamin A derivative initiates the response of rod and cone cells of the retina to light, producing a neural signal in brain. Retinal combines with the protein opsin to form rhodopsin, a visual pigment. Answer: Prostaglandin - E. mediates pain and inflammation Vitamin E - C. act as antioxidant Sphingolipid - A. important component of myline sheet in brain Thromboxanes - B. blood clotting Vitamin A - D. necessary for sight