Many companies are undergoing server virtualization. This is the concept of putting multiple“virtual” servers onto one physical device. The payoffs can be significant: fewer servers, lesselectricity, less generated heat, less air conditioning, less infrastructure and administrationcosts, increased flexibility, less physical presence (that is, smaller server rooms), fastermaintenance of servers, and more. There are costs, of course, such as licensing thevirtualization software, labour costs in establishing the virtual servers onto a physical device,labour costs in updating tables, and access. But determining the return on investment can be achallenge. Some companies have lost money on server virtualization, while most would saythat they have gained a positive return on investment but have not really quantified theresults.(a) How might a company really determine the return on investment for server virtualization?

A(n) _____ is a measure of CPU or computer system performance when per-forming specific tasks.

Processor R is a 64-bit RISC processor with a 2 GHz clock rate. The average instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor C is a CISC processor with a 1.8 GHz clock rate. The average simple instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. The average complex instruction requires two cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor R can’t directly implement the complex processing instructions of Processor C. Executing an equivalent set of simple instructions requires an average of three cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Program S contains nothing but simple instructions. Program C executes 70% simple instructions and 30% complex instructions. Which processor will execute program S more quickly? Which processor will execute program C more quickly? At what percentage of complex instructions will the performance of the two processors be equal?