Many cells are transparent and colorless. Structures of great interest in biology and medicine can be practically invisible to ordinary microscopy. An interference microscope reveals a difference in refractive index as a shift in interference fringes to indicate the size and shape of cell structures. The idea is exemplified in the following problem: An air wedge is formed between two glass plates in contact along one edge and slightly separated at the opposite edge. When the plates are illuminated with monochromatic light from above, the reflected light has 85 dark fringes. Calculate the number of dark fringes that appear if water (n = 1.33) replaces the air between the plates.

Q: Sometimes a nonreflective coating is applied to a lens, such as a camera lens. The coating has an…

A: wavelength (λ) = 549 nm n = refractive index of the coating = 1.44

Q: A film of liquid with refractive index 1.3 is spread on glass whose refractive index is 1.65.…

A: refractive index of liquid (n) = 1.3 refractive index of glass (N) = 1.65wavelength (λ) = 620 nm

Q: technician is performing Young's double-slit experiment for his supervisor. He directs a beam of…

A:

Q: Jimin applies a coating on a piece of glass to reduce its reflectivity when light with a frequency…

A: Determine the wavelength of the light.

Q: An extremely thin sheet of glass is being inspected at the factory. Illuminated by white light at…

A:

Q: A technician places a fluid substance, with a refractive index of 1.71, between two horizontal panes…

A: Given data as per question refractive index  =   1.71 wavelength =  300nm

Q: A common lens coating material is magnesium fluoride 1MgF22, with n = 1.38. What thickness should a…

A: The destructive interference condition for thin film is, 2t=m+12λcoatingfor minimum thicknes m=0that…

Q: An optic fiber is a clear solid tube designed to transmit light pulses in a particular direction. To…

A: Optical fiber work bases on the principle of total internal reflection. Critical angle is the angle…

Q: With no voltage applied, is the output bright (switch closed, optical signal passing through) or…

A: ΔL = optical path length - geo length = (1.522 * 6.7 * 10-6) - (6.7 * 10-6) = 3.50 m   Phase…

Q: A glass sheet 0.910 um thick is suspended in air with white light incident perpendicularly on the…

A:

Q: An instructor places a fluid substance, with a refractive index of 1.61, between two horizontal…

A: The condition for constructive interference is  2n1t=2n+1λ2 where n1 is the refractive index of…

Q: You are working in an optical research laboratory. One of your projects involves the use of a double…

A: The condition for the maxima is given by,

Q: Astronomers observe the chromosphere of the Sun with a filter that passes the red hydrogen spectral…

A: a) The formula to calculate transmission is, b) From the equation (1) for transmission, the…

Q: 3 A plane wave of wavelength 590 nm is incident on a slit with a width of a = 0.40 mm. A thin…

A:

Q: The Rayleigh criterion provides a convenient way to describe the theoretical resolution (e.g. an…

A: Diameter of the converging lens, D=22.8 mm=22.8×10-3 m Wavelength of light from the distant objects,…

Q: In a Michelson interferometer experiment, light from a 630 nm wavelength laser is split by a…

A:

Q: The hard outer coating of many beetles has microscopic structures that produce amazing colors. In…

A: Let the given angles of the consecutive minima (m and m + 1) be denoted by θ1 and θ2, respectively.…

Q: You are evaluating a method for studying Iiquid crystals. Two identical crystals are mounted over…

A:

Q: A thin sheet of transparent material has an index of refraction of 1.40 and is 15.0 μm thick. When…

A: Four fringe shift will occur when the optical path in one arm of a Michelson’s interferometer…

Q: Wavelengths of Visible Light Violet                  400-450 nm Blue                    450-495 nm…

A: This is a question from the interference of light waves.Anti reflection coatings are used to stop…

Q: A plane monochromatic (λ = 490 nm) light wave normally falls on a narrow slit. The diffraction…

A: Given Data: Incident wavelength, λ=490nm=4.9×10-7 m Lens focal length, F=40 cm=0.4 m Spectrum…

Q: One way to determine the index of refraction of a gas is to use an interferometer. As shown below,…

A:

Q: sodium lamp. Sodium atoms emit light having wavelengths 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm. The interferometer is…

A:

Q: The light from a mercury lamp is incident on a water film of refractive index 1.33 and thickness t =…

A:

Q: A camera lens with index of refraction greater than 1.30 is coated with a thin transparent film of…

A: The camera lens has index of refraction greater than 1.30. The reflected light from upper and lower…

Q: Nonreflective coatings for camera lenses reduce the loss of light at various surfaces of multi-lens…

A: Given, λ=560nm n2=1.35n3=1.66

Q: The plane z = 0 separates two media: glass(nglass = 1.51 for z 0). The optical beam of a…

A: This is a basic question from the wave vectors. This is related to the refraction and reflection of…

Q: An extremely thin sheet of glass is being inspected at the camera store. Illuminated by white light…

A: Refractive index (n) = 1.52 Thickness (t) = 0.415 × 10-6 m Order (m)=1 Now ,   2 n t = m ×…

Q: A transmission grating with d=1.5μm is illuminated at various angles of incidence by light of…

A:

Q: In the figure below, assume that two waves of light in the air are innitially in phase. One wave…

A: The optical path length is defined as the distance that light would travel if it were traveling in a…

Q: The resolution of the eye is ultimately limited by the pupil diameter. What is the smallest diameter…

A: A circular aperture of diameter D produces a circular diffraction pattern in which the first dark…

Q: A red laser beam with wavelength λ = 6.33 × 10-7 m is shone through a pair of narrow slits with a…

A: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4:

Q: The Rayleigh criterion provides a convenient way to describe the theoretical resolution (e.g. an…

A:

Q: The walls of a soap bubble have about the same index of refraction as that of plain water, n = 1.33.…

A: The problem is asking for the wavelength of light that is most strongly reflected from a soap…

Q: For light with A = 10-6 m what is the thickness of a coating withn = 1.225 that reduces normal…

A: Given: Wavelength: λ=10-6 m R.I. of the coating n=1.225 R.I. of glass, nGlass=1.5

Q: A laser beam of wavelength l = 632.8 nm shines at normal incidence on the reflective side of a…

A: Given: Wavelength, λ=632.8 nm=632.8 ×10-9 m d=1.60 mm=1.60×10-3 m a) CD acts as a diffraction…

Q: A sheet of glass of refractive index 1.50 is coated with a 400 nm-thick layer of oil of index 1.36.…

A: Given, Refractive index of glass sheet nglass = 1.50  Thickness of oil layer t = 400 nm Refractive…

Q: In Young's double slit experiment using monochromatic light the fringe pattern shifts by a certain…

A: Shifting of fringes due to introduction of slab in the path of one of the slits, comes out to be,…

Diffraction of light

In physics, the term diffraction is defined as the bending of light around the corners of the obstacle. As a light ray passes by an aperture, it bends around the edges or through slits, it spreads out through a narrow opening. The diffracted light will produce fringes of bright and dark or colored bands which are labeled as a diffraction pattern.