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Macmillan Learning Add curved arrows. Select Draw Rings CH₂ More Reset Drawing T CH₂ Q2 Erase Q H3C-CH₂-O-CH3 + :Br:

Macmillan Learning Add curved arrows. Select Draw Rings CH₂ More Reset Drawing T CH₂ Q2 Erase Q H3C-CH₂-O-CH3 + :Br:

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Transcription for Educational Website** --- **Title: Understanding Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction** **Introduction:** In this diagram, we are analyzing a nucleophilic substitution reaction involving ethoxide ion and 1-bromoethane, resulting in an ether and bromide ion. **Diagram Analysis:** - **Reactants:** - The left side of the equation features two main structures: - **1-Bromoethane:** Consisting of a bromine atom (Br) connected to a two-carbon chain (CH₂-CH₃). - **Methoxide Ion:** Depicted with oxygen (:O:) with two lone pairs of electrons and a negative charge. - **Curved Arrow Mechanism:** - The curved arrow originates from one of the lone pairs on the negatively charged oxygen atom, signifying the attack on the carbon atom bonded to the bromine. This indicates the nucleophilic substitution where the lone pair on the oxygen forms a bond with the carbon, displacing the bromine. - **Products:** - **Ethyl methyl ether (CH₃CH₂OCH₃):** Formed on the right side as the primary product, showing an ether linkage between the two-carbon chain and a methyl group attached via an oxygen atom. - **Bromide Ion (:Br⁻):** Released as the bromine is displaced; it carries a pair of electrons, shown as a lone pair with a negative charge. **Conclusion:** This reaction exemplifies the SN2 mechanism where a strong nucleophile, like methoxide ion, attacks an electrophilic carbon center, leading to the displacement of a leaving group, bromine. Understanding the directionality and flow of electrons in this mechanism is crucial for mastering organic chemistry reactions. --- **Additional Learning Resources:** - Video tutorial: "Detailed SN2 Reaction Mechanisms" - Interactive quiz on nucleophilic substitution reactions
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website** --- **Title: Understanding Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction** **Introduction:** In this diagram, we are analyzing a nucleophilic substitution reaction involving ethoxide ion and 1-bromoethane, resulting in an ether and bromide ion. **Diagram Analysis:** - **Reactants:** - The left side of the equation features two main structures: - **1-Bromoethane:** Consisting of a bromine atom (Br) connected to a two-carbon chain (CH₂-CH₃). - **Methoxide Ion:** Depicted with oxygen (:O:) with two lone pairs of electrons and a negative charge. - **Curved Arrow Mechanism:** - The curved arrow originates from one of the lone pairs on the negatively charged oxygen atom, signifying the attack on the carbon atom bonded to the bromine. This indicates the nucleophilic substitution where the lone pair on the oxygen forms a bond with the carbon, displacing the bromine. - **Products:** - **Ethyl methyl ether (CH₃CH₂OCH₃):** Formed on the right side as the primary product, showing an ether linkage between the two-carbon chain and a methyl group attached via an oxygen atom. - **Bromide Ion (:Br⁻):** Released as the bromine is displaced; it carries a pair of electrons, shown as a lone pair with a negative charge. **Conclusion:** This reaction exemplifies the SN2 mechanism where a strong nucleophile, like methoxide ion, attacks an electrophilic carbon center, leading to the displacement of a leaving group, bromine. Understanding the directionality and flow of electrons in this mechanism is crucial for mastering organic chemistry reactions. --- **Additional Learning Resources:** - Video tutorial: "Detailed SN2 Reaction Mechanisms" - Interactive quiz on nucleophilic substitution reactions
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