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Return to Figure 9.2. Suppose P0 is $10 and P1 is
$11. Suppose a new firm with the same LRAC curve as
the incumbent tries to break into the market by selling
4,000 units of output. Estimate from the graph what the
new firm’s average cost of producing output would be.
If the incumbent continues to produce 6,000 units, how
much output would the two firms supply to the market?
Estimate what would happen to the market price as a
result of the supply of both the incumbent firm and
the new entrant. Approximately how much profit would
each firm earn?
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- There are only two driveway paving companies in a small town, Asphalt, Inc. and Blacktop Bros. The inverse demand curve for paving services is ?= 2040 ―20? where quantity is measured in pave jobs per month and price is measured in dollars per job. Assume Asphalt, Inc. has a marginal cost of $100 per driveway and Blacktop Bros. has a marginal cost of $150. Answer the following questions: Determine each firm’s reaction curve and graph it. How many paving jobs will each firm produce in Cournot equilibrium? What will the market price of a pave job be? How much profit does each firm earn?. In competitive markets, there are many small firms with each firm unable to influence the market price. Suppose company ABX operates in the wheat market. The company produces and markets wheats at a Price = $20 per container. The firm’s total costs are given as: TC = 50 +2Q + 3Q2 What price should the firm charge? Why?Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 15 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. PRICE (Dollars per pound) 100 90 80 70 80 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 125 250 375 500 825 750 875 1000 1125 1250 QUANTITY (Thousands of pounds) Demand Because you know that competitive firms earn Supply (10 firms) True Supply (15 firms) If there were 10 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of rhodium would be $ would . Therefore, in the long run, firms would False Supply (20 firms) per pound. From the graph, you can see that this means there will be ? per pound. At that price,…
- If there were 20 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of ruthenium would be per pound. At that price, firms in this industry would . Therefore, in the long run, firms would the ruthenium market. Because you know that competitive firms earn economic profit in the long run, you know the long-run equilibrium price must be per pound. From the graph, you can see that this means there will be firms operating in the ruthenium industry in long-run equilibrium. True or False: Assuming implicit costs are positive, each of the firms operating in this industry in the long run earns negative accounting profit. True FalseIn India, Cisco’s market share of the Ethernet switch and router market is approximately 67 percent. Juniper and HP each have market shares of about 6.5 percent, and several other firms have somewhat smaller market shares. Draw a diagram showing the equilibrium in this dominant firm market. Identify the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity produced by the dominant firm and the competitive fringe firms. Illustrate what happens to the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity produced by the dominant firm and the competitive fringe firms if additional fringe firms enter the marketA friend has just started up her own business. Her firm asks you how much to charge for her product to maximize profits. The demand schedule for it is given by the first two columns in the table below; its total costs are given in the third column. For each level of output, you can calculate total revenue, marginal revenue, average cost, and marginal cost. The profit-maximizing level of output can be found at the point where TR - TC is greatest, or where MR = MC, (or the last quantity where MR is still greater than MC.) What is the profit-maximizing level of output for her product? 40 How much will she earn in profits? 80 Price Quantity TC TR? MR? MC? $25.00 0 $130 $24.00 10 $275 $23.00 20 $435 $22.50 30 $610 $22.00 40 $800 $21.60 50 $1,005 $21.20 60 $1,225
- Which of the following best explains why a firm in a competitive price-taker market must take the price determined in the market? The short-run average total costs of firms that are price takers will be constant. O If a price taker increased its price, consumers would buy from other suppliers. O Firms in a price-taker market will have to advertise in order to increase sales. There are no good substitutes for the product supplied by a firm that is a price taker.O See Hint The graph below shows the marginal cost curve for two firms, A and B. Assuming these two firms together completely dominate their market, draw the market supply curve. Use the straight-line tool, and set the endpoints of the line based on the endpoints of the two given lines. To refer to the graphing tutorial for this question type, please click here. Price and marginal cost 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 160 る ろ 8さ88るるる Quantity supplied (thousands)DuopolyMarket for mechanical pencils can be described by the following demand schedule:Price | Number of pencils demanded$6 | 80$5 | 200$4 | 320$3 | 440$2 | 560$1 | 680$0 | 800The fixed cost is $340, while the variable cost is $0.50.d) If there were two firms on the market and they agreed to cooperate, how much would eachfirm need to produce? Follow the procedure outlined in the lecture and show that the otherfirm would prefer to deviate from the agreement.e) When the firms deviate from the agreement, there is a new optimal level of output. Showwhether the firms have an incentive to deviate from that level?f) If there were two firms on the market, what would be the price and the quantity of pencilstraded if the firms couldn’t cooperate?
- Suppose that the market for candles is a competitive market. The following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. Hint: After placing the rectangle on the graph, you can select an endpoint to see the coordinates of that point. PRICE (Dollars per candle) 8 2 2 3 2 8 36 32 28 24 20 4 0 0 MC 2 ATC AVC 6 4 8 10 12 14 16 QUANTITY (Thousands of candles per day) 18 20 Profit or Loss In the short run, at a market price of $20 per candle, this firm will choose to produce On the preceding graph, use the blue rectangle (circle symbols) to shade the area representing the firm's profit or loss if the market price is $20 and the firm chooses to produce the quantity you already selected. OL candles per day. a n WConsider the weekly market for gyros in a popular neighborhood close to campus. Suppose this market is operating in long-run competitive equilibrium with many gyro vendors in the neighborhood, each offering basically the same gyros. Due to the structure of the market, the vendors act as price takers and each individual vendor has no market powur. The following graph displays the supply (SMC) and demand (D) curves in the weekly market for gyros Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the market price and quantity that will result from competition. 5.0 AD 26 28 30 35 30 as 15 10 45 50 4.5 40 as Now assume that one of the gyro vendors successfully petitions the neighborhood development board to obtain exclusive rights to sell gyros in the neighborhood. This fiem buys up all the rest of the gyro food trucks in the area and begins to operate as a monopoly, Assume that this change does not affect demand and that the marginal cost curve of the new monopoly corresponds…Say the market demand coming from consumers is P = 40 - Q. Say firm 1 has total cost TC1 = Q1+ Q1^2, where Q1 is the Q for firm one, and similarly for firm 2 TC2 = 4Q2 + 0.5Q2^2. In each scenario below show your work and say what is total Q in market market price the Q of each firm and the profit of each firm: The scenarios are the firms compete as if in perfect competition the firms form a cartel the firms act as Cournot Duopolists.