Low carbon steel having a tensile strength = 300 MPa and a shear strength = 220 MPa is turned at a cutting speed = 2.5 m/s, feed = 0.20 mm/rev and depth of cut = 3.0 mm. The rake angle = 5° in the direction of chip flow. The resulting chip ratio = 0.45. Using the orthogonal model to approximate turning, determine the cutting force and feed force.

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Machining Processes and Machine Tools

Machining is represented as the process in which an excessive amount of substance is eliminated from the particular element in the form of pieces. In machining, cutting tools such as rotary tools, lathe, drill press, grinder, chop saw, welders, and many more are applied to get the desired shape. As compared to other manufacturing processes, machining is precise and versatile.