Looking at the composition of young children's gut microbiomes and how it changes under various environmental conditions, would the composition of a child's gut microbiome change depending on what part of the world that they live? why ? For example Asia vs Africa.
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Looking at the composition of young children's gut microbiomes and how it changes under various environmental conditions, would the composition of a child's gut microbiome change depending on what part of the world that they live? why ? For example Asia vs Africa.
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- The human microbiome is an integral part of human health. Unfortunately, the microbiomes of Americans are reduced in species diversity relative to those of people in other countries, especially those living in non-Western countries. Give examples of three beneficial functions that the human gut microbiome provides to us, the host and what are three potential causes of the reduced gut microbiomes of Americans? Part II: What are three potential consequences of the reduced gut microbiomes of Americans?It appears that infection by Plasmodium is negative for Anopheles. We also showed in class that the mosquito immune system can be upregulated to limit or terminate Plasmodium infection of these mosquitoes. So why don’t we see natural selection to upregulate the mosquito’s immune system and get rid of that parasite? Best explanation. Upregulating the immune system comes at the cost of shortening life span and thus (most probably) reproductive success Having a Plasmodium infection is negative for the mosquito, but it protects against much worse pathogens Upregulation of the immune system in Plasmodium leads to more rapid development of Plasmodium, causing even greater problems for Anopheles Statement is wrong. This upregulation was done with genetic engineering in a lab. Alleles to do something like that do not exist in natureIn this Module you learned that bacteria are everywhere. You watched several videos and read an article about all the ways in which the microbiome can be connected to the health of different parts of your body. 1. Based on the content in lecture and your readings, explain the connection between your microbiome and your health (use 2 specific examples)? 2. Describe one major way your microbiome can be altered in a negative way? 3. Describe two ways you can improve your gut microbiome? For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS Paragraph A V V I X & T¶ † O + Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. Save All Answers X : Save and Submit f
- Question 2 What is resident flora? o Transient flora that moves to a different location on the human host. o Bacteria that is found in the womb and has become part of the mother's flora. O Normal flora, consisting of bacteria and fungal species that have been part of the normal microbiota throughout one's life. o Bacteria that have a parasitic relationship with their human host. Question 3 A patient suffers from conjunctivitis due to E. coli moving from the colon to the eye. What type of infection does t flora into an unusual site in the bodyA microbiologist argued that there is no such thing as “normal” microbiota of the human body, since the population is dynamic and is constantly changing, depending on diet and external environment. What would be an argument against this microbiologist’s view?There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.
- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?What is the gut microbiome? Is it inside every human body? Is it an organWhat are two reasons why it is important to characterize and understand the human microbiome?
- It was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Penicillin heralded the dawn of the antibiotic age. Before its introduction there was no effective treatment for infections such as pneumonia, gonorrhea or rheumatic fever. Hospitals were full of people with blood poisoning contracted from a cut or a scratch, and doctors could do little for them but wait and hope. 1. What is the mechanism of action of penicillin? 2. Cells treated with penicillin do not die immediately, so how this antibiotic is effective? 3. Why penicillin is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria? 4. Explain penicillin resistance mechanisms among bacteria today and the causes why they gained this resistance and making this great life-saving drug not usable anymore.How has past attempts and could future attempts to make a more pleasant and "sterile" world for humans accomplish the opposite?There is evidence found that reducing exposure to parasites and infectious agents increases susceptibility to certain health issues, such as autoimmune disorders or allergic conditions.Is the human gut microbiome contains trillions of microbes that both influence and are influenced by emotional and cognitive areas of the brain?