Long-term observations at a streamflow-measuring station at the outlet of a catchment in a mountainous area gives a mean annual discharge of 65 m²/s. An isohyetal map for the annual rainfall over the catchment gives the following areas closed by isohyets and the divide of the catchment: Isohyet (cm) Area (km') Isohyet (cm) Area (km?) 140-135 50 120-115 600 135-130 300 115-110 400 130-125 450 110-105 200 125-120 700 Calculate (a) the mean annual depth of rainfall over the catchment, (b) the runoff coefficient.

Long-term observations at a streamflow-measuring station at the outlet of a catchment in a mountainous area gives a mean annual discharge of 65 m²/s. An isohyetal map for the annual rainfall over the catchment gives the following areas closed by isohyets and the divide of the catchment: Isohyet (cm) Area (km') Isohyet (cm) Area (km?) 140-135 50 120-115 600 135-130 300 115-110 400 130-125 450 110-105 200 125-120 700 Calculate (a) the mean annual depth of rainfall over the catchment, (b) the runoff coefficient.

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Precipitation

Precipitation forms the basis of the water cycle on the Earth. The air is packed with water molecules in the form of moisture or water vapor. This water vapor usually rises to the atmosphere due to density differences. Precipitation represents any form of water, in liquid form or frozen form that forms in the earth's atmosphere. The water vapor up in the atmosphere condenses due to low temperature and it leads to the formation of clouds. The water vapor that forms clouds on account of condensation, is preferably known as cloud droplet. These cloud droplets when become heavy and can no longer sustain the weight of condensed water droplets, they come to the Earth in the form of rain, snow, ice pellets, and hail. Precipitation patterns, evaporation, and condensation are the three parameters that decide the global water cycle, climate change, and weather. Additionally, smoke and dust particles are equally important parameters for precipitation, as they provide the surface area for the water vapors to get condensed and to form water droplets. So they are known as condensation nuclei. The presence of other pollutants in the air also serves as condensation nuclei. Precipitation always results in the pure water supply to earth, as the salt from the seawater does not evaporate with the water.

Question

Long-term observations at a streamflow-measuring station at the outlet of a catchment
in a mountainous area gives a mean annual discharge of 65 m³/s. An isohyetal map for
the annual rainfall over the catchment gives the following areas closed by isohyets and
the divide of the catchment:
Isohyet (cm)
Area (km?)
Isohyet (cm)
Area (km?)
140-135
50
120-115
600
135–130
300
115-110
400
130–125
450
110–105
200
125–120
700
Calculate (a) the mean annual depth of rainfall over the catchment,
(b) the runoff coefficient.

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