Living cells "pump" singly ionized sodium ions, Na", from theinside of the cell to the outside to maintain a membrane potentialAV membrane = Vin - Vout - 70 mV. It is called pumping becausework must be done to move a positive ion from the negative insideof the cell to the positive outside, and it must go on continuouslybecause sodium ions "leak" back through the cell wall by diffusion.a. How much work must be done to move one sodium ion fromthe inside of the cell to the outside?b. At rest, the human body uses energy at the rate of approxi-mately 100 W to maintain basic metabolic functions. It hasbeen estimated that 20% of this energy is used to operatethe sodium pumps of the body. Estimate-to one significantfigure the number of sodium ions pumped per second.

Given the potential difference: ∆Vmembrane=Vin-Vout=-70 mV=-70×10-3 V The charge on a single…

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