List the major and minor components of Portland cement.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
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List the major and minor components of Portland cement.

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Step 1 : Introduction

Cement is the most important component in the construction of buildings and other structures. Portland cement is the most common type of cement used to make concrete. Cement is in the form of fine powder, but it will start to harden upon mixing with water. It is mixed with sand in a specific ratio depending on the requirement, and mixed with water to start the setting process. It is then used in the process of construction. Generally, cement is used along with reinforced steel for construction.

Step 2 : Components.

The major components used in the cement manufacturing process are limestone, clay, and sand. Finely powdered limestone, clay, and sand are heated in a rotating kiln for up to 1450oC temperature. The product obtained is the cement clinker. The clinker is then cooled and finely powdered to form the final product called cement.

Major components in Portland cement :

  • CaO
  • SiO2
  • Al2O3
  • Fe2O3 

Minor components in Portland cement :

  • MgO
  • SO3
  • Alkali oxides like K2O and Na2O
  • P2O5
  • TiO2
  • MnO3 , etc.
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