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- Liposome -Retrovirus- DNA carrytng the gene of Interest RNA genome contalns gene of Interest RNA genome Target cell Target cell DNA-liposome complex Is taken Into the target cell by yendocytosis. Retrovirus Is taken Into the target cell vla endocytosis. Endosome Endosome The liposome is degraded within the endosome, and the DNA Is released Into the cytosol. The viral coat Is disassembled In the endosome, and the RNA genome is released into the cytosol. The DNA Is The RNA Is reverse- transcribed Into DNA, which is Imported Into the nucleus. Imported Into the cell nucleus. By recombination, the DNA carrying the gene of Interest is Integrated Into a chromosome y of the target cell. By recombination, the viral DNA, carrying the gene of Interest, Is Integrated Into a chromosome of the target cell. - Integrated gene * Integrated gene (a) Nonviral approach (b) Viral approach FIGURE 22.15 Methods of gene transfer used in gene therapy. (a) In this ex ample, the DNA containing the gene of interest is complexed with cationic liposomes. These complexes are taken into cells by endocytosis, in which a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates and creates an in- tracellular vesicle known as an endosome. After it is released from the endosome, the DNA may then integrate into the chromosomal DNA via recombi- nation. (b) In this example, the gene of interest is inserted into a retrovirus. When the retrovirus infects a cell via endocytosis, the RNA genome is reverse-transcribed into double-stranded DNA, which then integrates into the chromosome via recombination. Viruses used in gene therapy have been genetically altered so they cannot proliferate after entry into the target cell.

- Liposome -Retrovirus- DNA carrytng the gene of Interest RNA genome contalns gene of Interest RNA genome Target cell Target cell DNA-liposome complex Is taken Into the target cell by yendocytosis. Retrovirus Is taken Into the target cell vla endocytosis. Endosome Endosome The liposome is degraded within the endosome, and the DNA Is released Into the cytosol. The viral coat Is disassembled In the endosome, and the RNA genome is released into the cytosol. The DNA Is The RNA Is reverse- transcribed Into DNA, which is Imported Into the nucleus. Imported Into the cell nucleus. By recombination, the DNA carrying the gene of Interest is Integrated Into a chromosome y of the target cell. By recombination, the viral DNA, carrying the gene of Interest, Is Integrated Into a chromosome of the target cell. - Integrated gene * Integrated gene (a) Nonviral approach (b) Viral approach FIGURE 22.15 Methods of gene transfer used in gene therapy. (a) In this ex ample, the DNA containing the gene of interest is complexed with cationic liposomes. These complexes are taken into cells by endocytosis, in which a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates and creates an in- tracellular vesicle known as an endosome. After it is released from the endosome, the DNA may then integrate into the chromosomal DNA via recombi- nation. (b) In this example, the gene of interest is inserted into a retrovirus. When the retrovirus infects a cell via endocytosis, the RNA genome is reverse-transcribed into double-stranded DNA, which then integrates into the chromosome via recombination. Viruses used in gene therapy have been genetically altered so they cannot proliferate after entry into the target cell.

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN:9781337408332
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Chapter20: Viruses, Bacteria, And Archaea
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 3DAA: Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although bacteriophages have been infecting bacteria for billions...
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What are advantages and disadvantages of these two methods?

- Liposome -Retrovirus- DNA carrytng the gene of Interest RNA genome contalns gene of Interest RNA genome Target cell Target cell DNA-liposome complex Is taken Into the target cell by yendocytosis. Retrovirus Is taken Into the target cell vla endocytosis. Endosome Endosome The liposome is degraded within the endosome, and the DNA Is released Into the cytosol. The viral coat Is disassembled In the endosome, and the RNA genome is released into the cytosol. The DNA Is The RNA Is reverse- transcribed Into DNA, which is Imported Into the nucleus. Imported Into the cell nucleus. By recombination, the DNA carrying the gene of Interest is Integrated Into a chromosome y of the target cell. By recombination, the viral DNA, carrying the gene of Interest, Is Integrated Into a chromosome of the target cell. - Integrated gene * Integrated gene
Transcribed Image Text:- Liposome -Retrovirus- DNA carrytng the gene of Interest RNA genome contalns gene of Interest RNA genome Target cell Target cell DNA-liposome complex Is taken Into the target cell by yendocytosis. Retrovirus Is taken Into the target cell vla endocytosis. Endosome Endosome The liposome is degraded within the endosome, and the DNA Is released Into the cytosol. The viral coat Is disassembled In the endosome, and the RNA genome is released into the cytosol. The DNA Is The RNA Is reverse- transcribed Into DNA, which is Imported Into the nucleus. Imported Into the cell nucleus. By recombination, the DNA carrying the gene of Interest is Integrated Into a chromosome y of the target cell. By recombination, the viral DNA, carrying the gene of Interest, Is Integrated Into a chromosome of the target cell. - Integrated gene * Integrated gene
(a) Nonviral approach (b) Viral approach FIGURE 22.15 Methods of gene transfer used in gene therapy. (a) In this ex ample, the DNA containing the gene of interest is complexed with cationic liposomes. These complexes are taken into cells by endocytosis, in which a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates and creates an in- tracellular vesicle known as an endosome. After it is released from the endosome, the DNA may then integrate into the chromosomal DNA via recombi- nation. (b) In this example, the gene of interest is inserted into a retrovirus. When the retrovirus infects a cell via endocytosis, the RNA genome is reverse-transcribed into double-stranded DNA, which then integrates into the chromosome via recombination. Viruses used in gene therapy have been genetically altered so they cannot proliferate after entry into the target cell.
Transcribed Image Text:(a) Nonviral approach (b) Viral approach FIGURE 22.15 Methods of gene transfer used in gene therapy. (a) In this ex ample, the DNA containing the gene of interest is complexed with cationic liposomes. These complexes are taken into cells by endocytosis, in which a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates and creates an in- tracellular vesicle known as an endosome. After it is released from the endosome, the DNA may then integrate into the chromosomal DNA via recombi- nation. (b) In this example, the gene of interest is inserted into a retrovirus. When the retrovirus infects a cell via endocytosis, the RNA genome is reverse-transcribed into double-stranded DNA, which then integrates into the chromosome via recombination. Viruses used in gene therapy have been genetically altered so they cannot proliferate after entry into the target cell.
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