Let R be a commutative ring and let A be an ideal of R. Show that VA = {x € R:x" e A for some positive integer n} %3D is an ideal ofR such that (i) ASVA (iii) If R has unity and VA = R, then A = R. (ii) VA = VA %3D %3D

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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Let R be a commutative ring and let A be an ideal
of R. Show that
VA = {x e R: x" e A for some positive integer n}
%3D
is an ideal of R such that
(i) AS VA
(iii) If R has unity and VA = R, then A = R.
(ii) VA = VA
%3D
%3D
Transcribed Image Text:Let R be a commutative ring and let A be an ideal of R. Show that VA = {x e R: x" e A for some positive integer n} %3D is an ideal of R such that (i) AS VA (iii) If R has unity and VA = R, then A = R. (ii) VA = VA %3D %3D
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