Let p, q, and r be propositions, meaning that they can take values either T or F, where T stands for True and F stands for False. Then, the exact values of p, q, and r such that p -> (q -> r) is T, but (p -> q) -> r is F is O a. p=T, q = F, and r = F. O b. p= F, q = F, and r = F. O c. p=T, q = F, and r = T. O d. p=T, q = T, and r = T. O e. p=F, q = T, and r = F. O f. p = T, q = T, and r = F.

(Program) Write a program that tests the effectiveness of the rand() library function. Start by initializing 10 counters, such as zerocount, onecount, twocount, and so forth, to 0. Then generate a large number of pseudorandom integers between 0 and 9. Each time 0 occurs, increment zerocount; when 1 occurs, increment onecount; and so on. Finally, display the number of 0s, 1s, 2s, and so on that occurred and the percentage of time they occurred.

(Numerical analysis) Here’s a challenging problem for those who know a little calculus. The Newton-Raphson method can be used to find the roots of any equation y(x)=0. In this method, the (i+1)stapproximation,xi+1,toarootofy(x)=0 is given in terms of the ith approximation, xi, by the following formula, where y’ denotes the derivative of y(x) with respect to x: xi+1=xiy(xi)/y(xi) For example, if y(x)=3x2+2x2,theny(x)=6x+2 , and the roots are found by making a reasonable guess for a first approximation x1 and iterating by using this equation: xi+1=xi(3xi2+2xi2)/(6xi+2) a. Using the Newton-Raphson method, find the two roots of the equation 3x2+2x2=0. (Hint: There’s one positive root and one negative root.) b. Extend the program written for Exercise 6a so that it finds the roots of any function y(x)=0, when the function for y(x) and the derivative of y(x) are placed in the code.

When you borrow money to buy a house, a car, or for some other purpose, you repay the loan by making periodic payments over a certain period of time. Of course, the lending company will charge interest on the loan. Every periodic payment consists of the interest on the loan and the payment toward the principal amount. To be specific, suppose that you borrow $1,000 at an interest rate of 7.2% per year and the payments are monthly. Suppose that your monthly payment is $25. Now, the interest is 7.2% per year and the payments are monthly, so the interest rate per month is 7.2/12 = 0.6%. The first months interest on $1,000 is 1000 0.006 = 6. Because the payment is $25 and the interest for the first month is $6, the payment toward the principal amount is 25 6 = 19. This means after making the first payment, the loan amount is 1,000 19 = 981. For the second payment, the interest is calculated on $981. So the interest for the second month is 981 0.006 = 5.886, that is, approximately $5.89. This implies that the payment toward the principal is 25 5.89 = 19.11 and the remaining balance after the second payment is 981 19.11 = 961.89. This process is repeated until the loan is paid. Write a program that accepts as input the loan amount, the interest rate per year, and the monthly payment. (Enter the interest rate as a percentage. For example, if the interest rate is 7.2% per year, then enter 7.2.) The program then outputs the number of months it would take to repay the loan. (Note that if the monthly payment is less than the first months interest, then after each payment, the loan amount will increase. In this case, the program must warn the borrower that the monthly payment is too low, and with this monthly payment, the loan amount could not be repaid.)