Let A = co 1 2 3 1 14 0 1 02 -3 0 1000 Find a basis for the row space of A. Find a basis for the column space of A. Find a basis for the null space of A. What are the rank and nullity of A?

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
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ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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**Matrix A and Related Linear Algebra Concepts**

Let \( A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 1 \\ 1 & 4 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 2 & -3 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \).

Tasks:
1. Find a basis for the row space of \( A \).
2. Find a basis for the column space of \( A \).
3. Find a basis for the null space of \( A \).
4. Determine the rank and nullity of \( A \).

### Explanation:

- **Row Space**: The row space of a matrix is the set of all possible linear combinations of its row vectors. It is a subspace of the Euclidean space.
  
- **Column Space**: The column space of a matrix is the set of all possible linear combinations of its column vectors. It is a subspace of the Euclidean space.

- **Null Space**: The null space of a matrix is the set of all vectors \( x \) such that \( Ax = 0 \). It is also known as the kernel of the matrix.

- **Rank**: The rank of a matrix is the dimension of its row space (or column space, since they are the same).

- **Nullity**: The nullity of a matrix is the dimension of its null space.

Understanding these concepts is fundamental for solving systems of linear equations and performing matrix operations in linear algebra.
Transcribed Image Text:**Matrix A and Related Linear Algebra Concepts** Let \( A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 1 \\ 1 & 4 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 2 & -3 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \). Tasks: 1. Find a basis for the row space of \( A \). 2. Find a basis for the column space of \( A \). 3. Find a basis for the null space of \( A \). 4. Determine the rank and nullity of \( A \). ### Explanation: - **Row Space**: The row space of a matrix is the set of all possible linear combinations of its row vectors. It is a subspace of the Euclidean space. - **Column Space**: The column space of a matrix is the set of all possible linear combinations of its column vectors. It is a subspace of the Euclidean space. - **Null Space**: The null space of a matrix is the set of all vectors \( x \) such that \( Ax = 0 \). It is also known as the kernel of the matrix. - **Rank**: The rank of a matrix is the dimension of its row space (or column space, since they are the same). - **Nullity**: The nullity of a matrix is the dimension of its null space. Understanding these concepts is fundamental for solving systems of linear equations and performing matrix operations in linear algebra.
Expert Solution
Step 1: Write the given information:

The matrix is A equals open square brackets table row 1 2 3 1 row 1 4 0 1 row 0 2 cell negative 3 end cell 0 row 1 0 0 0 end table close square brackets.

To Find:

a) Basis for the row space of A.

b) Basis for the column space of A.

c) Basis for the null space.

d) Rank and nullity of A.

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