Let A and B represent two variants (alleles) of the DNA at a certain locus on the genome. Assume that 40% of all the alleles in a certain population are type A and 30% are type B. The locus is said to be in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium if the proportion of organisms that are of type AB is (0.40)(0.30) = 0.12. In a sample of 300 organisms, 42 are of type AB.Can you conclude that this locus is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

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**Understanding Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium**

Let \( A \) and \( B \) represent two variants (alleles) of the DNA at a certain locus on the genome. Assume that 40% of all the alleles in a certain population are type \( A \) and 30% are type \( B \). 

The locus is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if the proportion of organisms that are of type \( AB \) is \((0.40)(0.30) = 0.12\).

In a sample of 300 organisms, 42 are of type \( AB \). Can you conclude that this locus is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

**Analysis:**

To determine if the locus is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we calculate the expected number of \( AB \) genotypes:

1. **Expected Proportion**: Given the proportion \( (0.40)(0.30) = 0.12 \).
2. **Expected Number**: For 300 organisms, expected \( AB \) = \( 300 \times 0.12 = 36 \).

**Observation**: We have 42 \( AB \) in the sample.

**Conclusion**: Compare the observed value (42) to the expected value (36). If the difference is significant, it suggests the locus might not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Further statistical tests, like a chi-square test, can determine the significance of this difference.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium** Let \( A \) and \( B \) represent two variants (alleles) of the DNA at a certain locus on the genome. Assume that 40% of all the alleles in a certain population are type \( A \) and 30% are type \( B \). The locus is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if the proportion of organisms that are of type \( AB \) is \((0.40)(0.30) = 0.12\). In a sample of 300 organisms, 42 are of type \( AB \). Can you conclude that this locus is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? **Analysis:** To determine if the locus is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we calculate the expected number of \( AB \) genotypes: 1. **Expected Proportion**: Given the proportion \( (0.40)(0.30) = 0.12 \). 2. **Expected Number**: For 300 organisms, expected \( AB \) = \( 300 \times 0.12 = 36 \). **Observation**: We have 42 \( AB \) in the sample. **Conclusion**: Compare the observed value (42) to the expected value (36). If the difference is significant, it suggests the locus might not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Further statistical tests, like a chi-square test, can determine the significance of this difference.
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