Ray Optics
Optics is the study of light in the field of physics. It refers to the study and properties of light. Optical phenomena can be classified into three categories: ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics. Geometrical optics, also known as ray optics, is an optics model that explains light propagation using rays. In an optical device, a ray is a direction along which light energy is transmitted from one point to another. Geometric optics assumes that waves (rays) move in straight lines before they reach a surface. When a ray collides with a surface, it can bounce back (reflect) or bend (refract), but it continues in a straight line. The laws of reflection and refraction are the fundamental laws of geometrical optics. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength that falls within the visible spectrum.
Converging Lens
Converging lens, also known as a convex lens, is thinner at the upper and lower edges and thicker at the center. The edges are curved outwards. This lens can converge a beam of parallel rays of light that is coming from outside and focus it on a point on the other side of the lens.
Plano-Convex Lens
To understand the topic well we will first break down the name of the topic, ‘Plano Convex lens’ into three separate words and look at them individually.
Lateral Magnification
In very simple terms, the same object can be viewed in enlarged versions of itself, which we call magnification. To rephrase, magnification is the ability to enlarge the image of an object without physically altering its dimensions and structure. This process is mainly done to get an even more detailed view of the object by scaling up the image. A lot of daily life examples for this can be the use of magnifying glasses, projectors, and microscopes in laboratories. This plays a vital role in the fields of research and development and to some extent even our daily lives; our daily activity of magnifying images and texts on our mobile screen for a better look is nothing other than magnification.
The ciliary muscles in a horse’s eye can make only small changes to the shape of the lens, so a horse can’t change the shape of the lens to focus on objects at different distances as humans do. Instead, a horse relies on the fact that its eyes aren’t spherical. As shown, different points at the back of the eye are at somewhat different distances from the front of the eye. We say that the eye has a “ramped retina”; images that form on the top of the retina are farther from the cornea and lens than those that form at lower positions. The horse uses this ramped retina to focus on objects at different distances, tipping its head so that light from an object forms an image at a vertical location on the retina that is at the correct distance for sharp focus.
In a horse’s eye, the image of a close object will be in focus
A. At the top of the retina.
B. At the bottom of the retina.
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