Lennard-Jones potential diagrams, also called intermolecular potential energy diagrams, illustrate the relationship between the potential energy of a molecule as the distance
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Lennard-Jones potential diagrams, also called intermolecular potential energy diagrams, illustrate the relationship between the potential energy of a molecule as the distance between the two nuclei changes. Select all of the true statements regarding Lennard-Jones potential diagrams.
1. As the internuclear distance decreases, the attraction between the nuclei increases significantly, causing a steep increase in the potential energy of the system.
2. Once a balance is found between the attractive and repulsive forces, the outer orbitals are able to overlap, thereby allowing a bond to form.
3. When the nuclei are infinitely far apart, there is no repulsion or attraction between them; thus, the potential energy approaches zero.
4. Once the attractive forces are greater than the repulsive forces, the outer orbitals are able to overlap, thereby allowing a bond to form.
5. As the internuclear distance decreases, the nuclear and electrostatic repulsions increase significantly, causing a steep increase in potential energy.
6. When the nuclei are infinitely far apart, the attractive forces between the nuclei are much greater than the repulsive forces between them, causing the potential energy to approach zero.
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