Learning Target 5 Criteria for satisfactory score All molecular drawings must be valid Lewis structures (octet rule, formal charge, valence, geometry). Definitions and explanations must be complete and logical. Tasks A-value Substituent (kJ/mol) CI 2.0 OH 4.2 CH3 7.6 Et 8.0 i-Pr 9.2 t-Bu 22.8 Figure 3: Substituted cyclohexane 1. Draw a chair conformation of the molecule in Figure 3 and it's ring flip conformer 2. Select the lower energy chair conformation and briefly explain your choice. Estimated values of diaxial interactions for various substituents (A-values) are listed in the table. 3. Boat conformation of cyclohexane does not experience ring strain. Nevertheless it is significantly less stable than the chair conformation. There are two types of strain that cause it. One is flagpole interactions. What is the second reason for higher energy of the boat conformation of cyclohexane? Drawing must be used as part of your answer.
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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