Large AC ammeters use a high-permeability core that can be clamped around the current to be measured, as shown in the top right. Lets use a simple toroidal model for the clamp as shown below, where the toroid has a mean radius , and cross-sectional area A. A secondary winding of N turns is wrapped on this toroidal core. a. Assuming the current passes through the center of the torus, find the B field inside the core at the mean radius r. b. If the AC current to be measured is expressed as I(t)=1 cos(@t), find an expression for the induced secondary voltage V(t). Use the result of (a) and assume that the magnetic field is approximately constant over the cross section of the core. c. How many turns in the secondary winding would be required to insure that the induced AC voltage amplitude is at least 10 mV for 60 Hz currents of >1 A? Assume core dimensions H4, = 5000. V(t) Ntu of r = 2 cm and A=0.25 cm
Load flow analysis
Load flow analysis is a study or numerical calculation of the power flow of power in steady-state conditions in any electrical system. It is used to determine the flow of power (real and reactive), voltage, or current in a system under any load conditions.
Nodal Matrix
The nodal matrix or simply known as admittance matrix, generally in engineering term it is called Y Matrix or Y bus, since it involve matrices so it is also referred as a n into n order matrix that represents a power system with n number of buses. It shows the buses' nodal admittance in a power system. The Y matrix is rather sparse in actual systems with thousands of buses. In the power system the transmission cables connect each bus to only a few other buses. Also the important data that one needs for have a power flow study is the Y Matrix.
Types of Buses
A bus is a type of system of communication that transfers data between the components inside a computer or between two or more computers. With multiple hardware connections, the earlier buses were parallel electrical wires but the term "bus" is now used for any type of physical arrangement which provides the same type of logical functions similar to the parallel electrical bus. Both parallel and bit connections are used by modern buses. They can be wired either electrical parallel or daisy chain topology or are connected by hubs which are switched same as in the case of Universal Serial Bus or USB.
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