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Lactose fermentation

Lactose fermentation

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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# Identification of Enterobacteriaceae Based on Biochemical Tests The Enterobacteriaceae family is a large group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes many important pathogens. The identification process commonly uses a series of biochemical tests. The flowchart below demonstrates a structured approach to differentiate various genera within this family based on specific biochemical characteristics. ## Flowchart Explanation: ### 1. Lactose Fermentation Lactose fermentation is the initial test dividing the bacteria into two categories: - **Negative:** Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia, and Proteus. - **Positive:** Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. ### 2. Phenylalanine Deaminase Activity (for Lactose-Negative Bacteria) This divides the lactose-negative bacteria further: - **Negative:** Salmonella, Shigella, and Serratia. - **Positive:** Proteus. #### Further Testing for Negative Phenylalanine Deaminase Activity: - **H2S Production:** - **Negative:** Serratia, Shigella. - **Positive:** Salmonella. - **Citrate Utilization (For H2S-negative bacteria):** - **Negative:** Shigella. - **Positive:** Serratia. ### 3. Indole Production (for Lactose-Positive Bacteria) This test divides the lactose-positive bacteria: - **Negative:** Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. - **Positive:** E. coli. #### Further Testing for Indole-Negative Bacteria: - **Motility:** - **Negative:** Klebsiella. - **Positive:** Citrobacter, Enterobacter. - **H2S Production (For Motility-positive bacteria):** - **Negative:** Enterobacter. - **Positive:** Citrobacter. By following this flowchart and conducting the appropriate biochemical tests, one can accurately identify the genus and sometimes the species of bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Transcribed Image Text:# Identification of Enterobacteriaceae Based on Biochemical Tests The Enterobacteriaceae family is a large group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes many important pathogens. The identification process commonly uses a series of biochemical tests. The flowchart below demonstrates a structured approach to differentiate various genera within this family based on specific biochemical characteristics. ## Flowchart Explanation: ### 1. Lactose Fermentation Lactose fermentation is the initial test dividing the bacteria into two categories: - **Negative:** Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia, and Proteus. - **Positive:** Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. ### 2. Phenylalanine Deaminase Activity (for Lactose-Negative Bacteria) This divides the lactose-negative bacteria further: - **Negative:** Salmonella, Shigella, and Serratia. - **Positive:** Proteus. #### Further Testing for Negative Phenylalanine Deaminase Activity: - **H2S Production:** - **Negative:** Serratia, Shigella. - **Positive:** Salmonella. - **Citrate Utilization (For H2S-negative bacteria):** - **Negative:** Shigella. - **Positive:** Serratia. ### 3. Indole Production (for Lactose-Positive Bacteria) This test divides the lactose-positive bacteria: - **Negative:** Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. - **Positive:** E. coli. #### Further Testing for Indole-Negative Bacteria: - **Motility:** - **Negative:** Klebsiella. - **Positive:** Citrobacter, Enterobacter. - **H2S Production (For Motility-positive bacteria):** - **Negative:** Enterobacter. - **Positive:** Citrobacter. By following this flowchart and conducting the appropriate biochemical tests, one can accurately identify the genus and sometimes the species of bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae family.
**Title: Identifying Bacteria Using a Dichotomous Key** Using the dichotomous key above, identify the organism which gave the following test results: **Test Results:** - Gram-negative bacillus-shaped cells - Indole positive - Non-motile - H₂S positive - Phenylalanine deaminase negative - Positive for citrate utilization - Negative for lactose fermentation **Multiple Choice Options:** - **Klebsiella sp.** (Selected) - Escherichia coli - Shigella sp. - Citrobacter sp. - Salmonella sp.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Identifying Bacteria Using a Dichotomous Key** Using the dichotomous key above, identify the organism which gave the following test results: **Test Results:** - Gram-negative bacillus-shaped cells - Indole positive - Non-motile - H₂S positive - Phenylalanine deaminase negative - Positive for citrate utilization - Negative for lactose fermentation **Multiple Choice Options:** - **Klebsiella sp.** (Selected) - Escherichia coli - Shigella sp. - Citrobacter sp. - Salmonella sp.
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