**Title:** Diagram of a Growing Polynucleotide Chain**Description:**This diagram illustrates the process of forming a growing polynucleotide chain through the addition of a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to an existing chain.**Diagram Explanation:**1. **Components:** - At the beginning are two nucleotides, each composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone linked to a nitrogenous base.2. **Process:** - The nucleoside triphosphate (middle structure) contributes to the growing chain, with its triphosphate group aligning to connect to the 3' hydroxyl group of the terminal sugar in the growing chain. - The chemical reaction leads to the formation of a new phosphodiester bond, catalyzed by the cleavage of two phosphate groups from the triphosphate, shown as a separate pyrophosphate group (rightmost structure).3. **Labels and Bonds:** - **5' end**: The starting point of the nucleotide chain, featuring a phosphate group. - **Nucleoside triphosphate**: Molecular structure contributing a new nucleotide unit to the chain. - **New bond**: The phosphodiester bond formed to extend the polynucleotide chain. - **3' end**: The terminal end of the nucleotide chain with a free hydroxyl group capable of forming additional phosphodiester bonds for chain elongation.**Answer Bank:**- 5' end- Nucleoside triphosphate- New bond- 3' endThe diagram clearly shows the directional polymerization of nucleotides, essential for understanding DNA and RNA synthesis.

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Answered: Label the diagram of a growing…

Label the diagram of a growing polynucleotide chain. OH Base Base 5' end -0- CH₂ OH Base Answer Bank nucleoside triphosphate new bond 3' end O Base -o CH₂ OH Base Base OH

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Concept explainers

Coding Strand of DNA

When pointing to DNA transcription, the coding strand is found to be the DNA strand whose base sequence is indistinguishable from the base sequence of the RNA transcript developed. It is this strand that comprises the codons, while the non-coding strand comprises the anti-codons.

Nucleotide

Both DNA and RNA are composed of organic molecules known as nucleotides. Hence, nucleotides are known as the basic building blocks of nucleic acids. These substances play a role in various processes such as cell signalling, enzyme reactions, metabolism, and so on.

Structure of Cytosine

Cytosine is among the five primary nitrogenous bases of which DNA and RNA and are being used in storage and transportation of genetic makeup within a cell. Adenine, guanine, thymine as well as uracil are the remaining four nucleobases.

Question

**Title:** Diagram of a Growing Polynucleotide Chain

**Description:**

This diagram illustrates the process of forming a growing polynucleotide chain through the addition of a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to an existing chain.

**Diagram Explanation:**

1. **Components:**
- At the beginning are two nucleotides, each composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone linked to a nitrogenous base.

2. **Process:**
- The nucleoside triphosphate (middle structure) contributes to the growing chain, with its triphosphate group aligning to connect to the 3' hydroxyl group of the terminal sugar in the growing chain.
- The chemical reaction leads to the formation of a new phosphodiester bond, catalyzed by the cleavage of two phosphate groups from the triphosphate, shown as a separate pyrophosphate group (rightmost structure).

3. **Labels and Bonds:**
- **5' end**: The starting point of the nucleotide chain, featuring a phosphate group.
- **Nucleoside triphosphate**: Molecular structure contributing a new nucleotide unit to the chain.
- **New bond**: The phosphodiester bond formed to extend the polynucleotide chain.
- **3' end**: The terminal end of the nucleotide chain with a free hydroxyl group capable of forming additional phosphodiester bonds for chain elongation.

**Answer Bank:**

- 5' end
- Nucleoside triphosphate
- New bond
- 3' end

The diagram clearly shows the directional polymerization of nucleotides, essential for understanding DNA and RNA synthesis.

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