kN/m³. b. Evaluate the unit weight of the soil when dry in kN/m³. c. Evaluate the unit weight of the soil when fully saturated in kN/m
kN/m³. b. Evaluate the unit weight of the soil when dry in kN/m³. c. Evaluate the unit weight of the soil when fully saturated in kN/m
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Question
a soil sample taken from subsurface exploration activity has the following properties: Gs= 2.67, e = 0.45, and S= 40%.
a. Evaluate the unit weight of the soil in kN/m³.
b. Evaluate the unit weight of the soil when dry in kN/m³.
c. Evaluate the unit weight of the soil when fully saturated in kN/m³.
Transcribed Image Text:* Specific Gravity of Soil Solids (Gs) - specific gravity of solid particles of soil is the ratio of
the unit weight of solids to the unit weight of water.
Psolid
Y subs
Gsubs
Ywater
Pw
where;
kN
kg
kg
= 1000
m3
= 9.81
= 1
Y water
: 1
CC
m3
* Void Ratio (e) - Void ratio is the ratio of volume of voids to the volume of solids.
Vv
e =
VsanE
* Porosity (n) - Porosity is the ratio of volume of voids to the total volume of soil.
Vy
n =
V
* Degree of Saturation (S) - Degree of saturation is the ratio of volume of water to the volume
of voids.
Vw
S =
* Water Content or Moisture Content (w) - Moisture content, usually expressed in terms of
percentage, is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids.
Ww
w =
W s
* Relationship between void ratio and porosity
п
e
n =
1+e
e =
1 - n
* Relationship among saturation, void ratio, S.G. of soil solids, and water content.
Se = G,w
* Unit Weight (y) – Unit weight is the weight of soil per unit volume. Also called bulk unit weight
(Y), and moist unit weight (ym).
W
(Gs+Se)Yw
Y = v = Ya(1 +w) =
1+e
* Dry Unit Weight (Ya) – Dry unit weight is the weight of dry soil per unit volume.
Ws
Y
GSYW
Ya =
V
1+ w
1+ e
* Saturated Unit Weight (ysat) - Saturated unit weight is the weight of saturated soil per unit
volume.
(Gs + Se)Yw
1+ e
* Effective Unit Weight (y') - Effective unit weight is the weight of solids in a submerged soil per
(Gs- 1)Yw
= PA
unit volume. Also called buoyant density or buoyant unit weight (yb).
Y' =V sat -Yw =
1+e
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