Joseph is sick with tuberculosis and sneezed mucus all over his grandsona s teddy bear. The grandson now has tuberculosis. The teddy bear acted as a O transmitter O fomite O vector host O reservoir

Q: Which of the following is a role of CLRS in host recognition? O a. Direct cell killing O b. Cell to…

A: C Type Lectin Receptors The CLRs or the C type Lectin Receptors are pathogen recognition receptors…

Q: Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? a) The virus-host relationship usually…

A: Introduction: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria and archaea and replicates within…

Q: Retrovirus, adenovirus, herpes virus and adenoassociated virus vectors have been developed for use…

A: Gene therapy is an experimental treatment that uses genes to prevent and treat the disease by…

Q: The seasonal flu shot is composed of "killed" influenza virus. Which type of vaccine is it? Hint:…

A: Vaccination is the process of administration of a vaccine that will help the immune system to…

Q: A virus is a small collection of genetic code, either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. a…

A: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Coronavirus Illness (COVID-19), an infectious disease.The majority of…

Q: Viral receptors are important to viruses because these will allow them to complete their replication…

A: A sequence of events occurs when viral infection occurs that starts from the entry till the…

Q: Clinical studies showed that zinc significantly shortens the duration of symptoms during rhinovirus.…

A: The common cold is caused by rhinovirus infections (rhinovirus implies "nose"). They can also induce…

Q: When a cell lyses, virions O engulf a host cell O penetrate a host cell O leave host cells en masse

A: The term "lyse" refers to the process of breaking down a bigger particle into smaller fragments.…

Q: A vaccine that contains parts of viruses is calleda. acellular b. recombinant c. subunit d.…

A: Vaccination is the process of administration of a vaccine, which helps the immune system develop…

Q: oes it use the M

A: Covid-19 vaccines are the vaccines that fight against the covid-19 virus. The three types of covid…

Q: The “O157:H7” of E. coli O157:H7 refers to thea) biotype.         b) serotype.            c) phage…

A: The E.coli is the most commonly studied bacteria for many of the study purposes and research works.…

Q: Some viral particles contain genomes composed entirely of RNA. O True O False

A: Genetic material of viruses It depends on type of virus. Generally there are 2 kind of virus group…

Q: ) O The bacteriophage can exit the lysogenic state depending on the condition of host c 3) O While…

A: Bacteriophage is a very very small virus that lives on the bacteria. it has two types of cycles the…

Q: In the lytic life cycle of phages. Select one: O a. the cell typically dies, releasing many copies…

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. The stages included in the lytic cycle are…

Q: The viral ________ play(s) a role in attaching a virion to the host cell. a. core b. capsid c.…

A: A virus consisting a naked capsid goes into the cell by attaching to the attachment factor present…

Q: An a cellular agent of infection that contains only DNA or RNA and consists of a protein capsid is…

A: Infectious agents are those substances that are responsible for causing an infection that leads to…

Q: ach virus bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, so prevention of viral attachment…

A: Microorganisms or microbes are tangible objects that appear under a microscope. Large groups of…

Q: Superinfection immunity refers to: O the inability of a temperate phage to infect any bacterial…

A: Superinfection immunity is often linked to lysogeny, and it appears to be a result of the same…

Q: A "red flag" that identifies a foreign invader so that it can be attacked would be best described as…

A: Q. A "red flag" that identifies a foreign invader so that it can be attacked would be best described…

Q: Summarize the key difference in the invasion of cells by: a. HIV b. Adenovirus c. Anthrax d.…

A: When a virus infects a person (host), it invades the cells of its host in order to survive and…

Q: Sometimes Ab interferes with the attachment site on virions so they can't attach to a host cell.…

A: Antibody responses are important for avoiding many viral infections and may also contribute to the…

Q: The lipid content of an enveloped virus is produced from O freely available tipids viral made…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: sed by viruses are pathogenicity A/ at or near the site of I A to involve one or more target organs.…

A: Viruses are the connecting link between living world and nonliving. They have the characteristics…

Q: Connexin is found in O Zonula occludens O Zonula adherens O Gap junction O Desmosome

A: Connexins, also known as gap junction proteins, are transmembrane proteins with similar structures…

Q: Which TWO statements regarding viral infection are TRUE? O Viral particles may be shed during the…

A: Viral infection Proliferation of a harmful virus within the body. Viruses cannot reproduce without…

Q: hy does developing a HIV drug that targets viral envelope can lead to serious side effects

A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that targets the immune system of the body. AIDS…

Q: Which term best describes the specificity of a virus for its host? O lyticism O lysogeny tissue…

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: The brain, spinal cord, and nerves do not have normal microbiota, so they are considered sites. O…

A: Introduction The immune system is a large network of organs, white blood cells, proteins…

Q: which af the fellowing is iuportant inthe use of dendrimers in drig delivery O cavity in core ODNA…

A: DENDRIMERS- Dendrimers are radially symmetric nanoscale molecules with a well-defined, homogenous,…

Q: Which receptors of the influenza virus are responsible for binding tothe host cell?a. hemagglutinin…

A: Influenza virus belongs to class V that contains minus single stranded segmented RNA as their…

Q: Which of the following vaccine is produced by recombinant DNA method? Lütfen birini seçin: O a. HIV…

A: An immune response to certain infections induced by the use of suitable vaccines is known as…

Q: Vaccines: Which vaccine below would you not give to a liver transplant recipeint? O attenuatued live…

A: Recipients of solid organ transplantation like liver transplantation are at risk of severe infection…

Q: Virus particles are metastable because: O a. Translation is enhanced O b. It defines their host…

A: Virus particles are called as metastable because they have to be both stable and unstable at…

Q: 15. Antibiotics provide the best defense against viruses a. b. True a. b. False 16. Cocci bacteria…

A: Introduction  Small, single-celled organisms are known as bacteria. Nearly all areas of the planet…

Q: Oncogene is responsible for: A. AidsB. typhoidC. malariaD. cancer

A: The oncology is a branch of science that studies about cancers, their development, prevention, and…

Q: Lysogenic bacteriophages can Become dormant in host cells Transfer new genes to bacteria Integrate…

A: Answer is (E) All of the above Lysogenic bacteriophage can become dormant in host cells transfer…

Q: ou are helping a patient who you think has CJD. They want you to explain how this happened. Vhich…

A: CJD stands for Creuzfeldt-Jacob Disease, which is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an isoform…

Q: What does the term "lentivirus" mean? OA virus that inserts its DNA into the host's DNA Oa virus…

A: Introduction:  Lentivirus is any of a group of retroviruses  that produce illnesses which is…

Q: Requires contact between donor and recipient cells. [ Choose Commonly involves F factor [ Choose…

A: The answers for the above mentioned questions is given in step 2.

Q: In contrast to (unlike) non-enveloped/naked viruses, ENVELOPED viruses O Can enter host cells by…

A: Answer is (a), Can enter host cell by fusion. Enveloped viruses enter cell by fusion whereas non…

Q: Does Epstein Barr Virus harm it’s host. If so, how does EBV harm it’s host. What kind of symbiotic…

A: Epstein-Barr Virus is also known as Human gammaherpesvirus 4 and is one of the most common viruses…

Q: Reoviruses have ds RNA. Select one: O True O False

A: Reovirus is a member of family Reoviridae. It has a broad host range and can infect invertebrates,…

Q: Enveloped viruses carry surface receptors calleda. buds b. spikes c. fibers d. sheaths

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: EdIE Eca24 Sacl CTC TAG AGG 5 G TAA ANC GC GỌC CAG TCC CAA GCT TGC ATG CCT GCA CGA ACG TAC GA TAC CA…

A: Given: pUC18/19 plasmid size = 2686bp amplicon: restriction sites for HindIII and EcoRI present.…

Q: ss on the method of generating the vaccir e: The immune system will produce specific The immune…

A: 1st option

Q: RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because Select one: А. these enzymes…

A: Viruses are a nucleoprotein entity which is able to utilize the synthetic machinery of a living cell…

Q: What is the vaccine delivery system used in the Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine? O Fentanyl patches O…

A: Moderna COVID-19 vaccine is messenger RNA vaccine. It is also called mRNA vaccine.

Q: Shape of a virus is determined by its envelope. Select one: O True O False

A: An infection is an infectious agent of small size and basic composition that can duplicate just in…

Q: Influenza virus natural reservoirs are Select one: O a Humans O b. Bats O c. Pigs and birds Od.…

A: Human health is related to overall fitness of the body. The fitness of the body sometimes gets…

Q: What are the key differences in the invasion of cells by: a. HIV b. Adenovirus c. Anthrax d.…

A: HIV  entry into host cells HIV infects T cells via high-affinity interaction between the particle…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.