James Joule tested the conversion of mechanical energy into internal energy by measuring temperatures of falling water. If water at the top of a Swiss waterfall has a temperature of 10.0°C and then falls 50.0 m, what maximum temperature at the bottom would Joule expect? He did not succeed in measuring the temperature change, partly because evaporation cooled the falling water and also because his thermometer was not sufficiently sensitive.
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- A grandfather clock is controlled by a swinging brass pendulum that is 1.6 m long at a temperature of 26°C. (a) What is the length of the pendulum rod when the temperature drops to 0.0C? (Give your answer to at least four significant figures.) mm (b) If a pendulum's period is given by T = 2nV L/g, where L is its length, does the change in length of the rod cause the clock to run fast or slow? O fast O slow O neitherThe rate at which a resting person converts food energy is called one’s basal metabolic rate (BMR). Assume that the resulting internal energy leaves a person’s body by radiation and convection of dry air. When you jog, most of the food energy you burn above your BMR becomes internalenergy that would raise your body temperature if it were not eliminated. Assume that evaporation of perspiration is the mechanism for eliminating this energy. Suppose a person is jogging for “maximum fat burning,” converting food energy at the rate 400 kcal/h above his BMR, and putting out energy by work at the rate 60.0 W. Assume that the heat of evaporation of water at body temperature is equal to its heat of vaporization at 100°C. (a) Determine the hourly rate at which water must evaporate from his skin. (b) When you metabolize fat, the hydrogen atoms in the fat molecule are transferred to oxygen to form water. Assume that metabolism of 1.00 g of fat generates 9.00 kcal of energy and produces 1.00 g of…Ice of mass 12.8 kg at 0°C is placed in an ice chest. The ice chest has 2.7 cm thick walls of thermal conductivity 0.07 W/m·K and a surface area of 1.29 m2. Express your answers with appropriate mks units. (a) How much heat must be absorbed by the ice during the melting process? (b) If the outer surface of the ice chest is at 39° C, how long will it take for the ice to melt?
- A classroom has dimensions 8.00 m x 10.00 m x 3.00 m. A 1000 W electric space heater is being used to warm the room from 5.00°C to 20.00°C on a cold morning. If the density of air is 1.29 kg/m°, and the specific heat capacity of air is 1004 J/(kg-K), how long will it take to heat the room? Assume no loss of thermal energy to the surroundings. A) 1.30 minutes B) 241 minutes C) 45.3 minutes O D) 77.7 minutesWe know from Newton's Law of Cooling that the rate at which an object warms up is proportional to the difference between the ambient temperature of the room and the temperature of the object. The differential equation corresponding to this situation is given by y' = k(M – y) where k is a positive constant. The solution to this equation is given by y = M + (yo – M)e-kt , where yo is the initial temperature of the object. Suppose your Thanksgiving turkey is kept at a temperature of 40 degrees Fahrenheit until it is put into a 350 degree Fahrenheit oven. It takes 2 hours for the turkey to warm up to a safe eating temperature of 165 degrees Fahrenheit. Find the values of yo, M, and k, for this situation, rounding your answers to 3 decimal places. Yo= M = k= Regardless of your answers above, suppose the k value in this situation is k = 0.3. Find the initial rate of increase of the turkey's temperature as soon as it is placed in the oven. Round to 3 decimal places. degrees per hour.The concrete slab of a basement is 11 m long and 8 m wide, and 0.20 m thick. During the winter, temperatures are nominally 17°C and 10°C at the top and bottom surfaces, respectively. If the concrete has a thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/mK, what is the rate of heat loss through the slab? If the basement is heated by a gas furnace operation at an efficiency of 90%, and natural gas is priced at $0.02. MJ, what is the daily cost of the heat loss. Answer: QLOSS = 4.312 kW, COST = $8.28/day
- In everyday experience, the measures of temperature most often used are Fahrenheit F and Celsius C. Recall that the relationship between them is given by the following formula. F = 1.8C + 32 Physicists and chemists often use the Kelvin temperature scale. You can get kelvins K from degrees Celsius by using the following formula. K = C + 273.15 (a) Calculate that value.K(25) = (b) Find a formula expressing the temperature C in degrees Celsius as a function of the temperature K in kelvins. C = (c) Find a formula expressing the temperature F in degrees Fahrenheit as a function of the temperature K in kelvins. F = (d) What is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit of an object that is 272 kelvins?To keep yourself warm in the winter, you heat a solid metal ball and place it on a stand in the center of your room. The ball has a radius of 17.0 cm and an emissivity of 0.830. If your room has a temperature of 15°C, what is the net power radiated by the ball initially, when the ball's temperature is 200°C?In an effort to stay awake for an all-night study session, a student makes a cup of coffee by first placing a 200 W electric immersion heater in 0.400 kg of water. How much heat must be added to the water to raise its temperature from 21.0°C to 77.0°C? Express your answer in joules. IVE ΑΣΦ Q = Submit Part B t = Request Answer Submit How much time is required? Assume that all of the heater's power goes into heating the water. Express your answer in seconds. OF 15. ΑΣΦ ? Request Answer J ? S Re