Anatomy and Physiology of Special Sensory Organs
Sensory organs can be labeled as special sensory structures that permit sight, hearing, odor, and flavor. Sensory structures permitting proprioception, touch, thermal, and pain perception can be classified as more advanced sensory organs. The sensory neurons are trained to find out modifications in the external and internal conditions so that a person's body can react to that change. A stimulus is the first signal that is recognized by any sensory receptor of the body. Stimulus is an impulse generated when there is a change in the surroundings of a person. For example, a heated environment will alert the brain through the thermal sensory organs and generate a reflex accordingly.
Sensory Receptors
The human sensory system is one of the most complex and highly evolved structures, which processes a myriad of incoming messages. This well-coordinated system helps an organism or individual to respond to external stimuli, appropriately. The sensory receptors are an important part of the sensory system. These receptors are specialized epidermal cells that respond to external environmental stimuli. These receptors consist of structural and support cells that form the peripheral unit of the receptor and the neural dendrites which receive and detect the external stimuli.
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS.
1. Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?
2) Charlotte burned the top of her tongue on a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged?
3) From a very lighted area you entered a dark room, upon entering you see nothing but darkness. After a few seconds you can already see what’s in the surrounding. Explain what happen.
4) Your elderly neighbor wears hearing aids. Without them, he can't hear you knocking on his door. Do you think he wears the hearing aids for sensorineural deafness or conduction deafness? Explain your choice and differentiate between the causes of these two types of deafness.
5) Explain in terms of the physiology of the vestibular apparatus why astronauts may have difficulty with equilibrium in a weightless environment.
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