Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04) 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
1 Essential Ideas 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Composition Of Substances And Solutions 4 Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Geometry 8 Advanced Theories Of Covalent Bonding 9 Gases 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Solutions And Colloids 12 Kinetics 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 14 Acid-base Equilibria 15 Equilibria Of Other Reaction Classes 16 Thermodynamics 17 Electrochemistry 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, And Nonmetals 19 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter2: Atoms, Molecules, And Ions
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1E: In the following drawing, the green spheres represent atoms of a certain element. The purple spheres... Problem 2E: Which postulate of Dalton’s theory is consistent with the following observation concerning the... Problem 3E: Identify the postulate of Dalton’s theory that is violated by the following observations: 59.95% of... Problem 4E: Samples of compound X, Y, and Z are analyzed, with results shown here. Compound Description Mass of... Problem 5E: The existence of isotopes violates one of the original ideas of Dalton’s atomic theory. Which one? Problem 6E: How are electrons and protons similar? How are they different? Problem 7E: How are protons and neutrons similar? How are they different? Problem 8E: Predict and test the behavior of a particles fired at a plum pudding model atom. Predict the paths... Problem 9E: Predict and test the behavior of a particles fired at a Rutherford atom model. Predict the paths... Problem 10E: In what way are isotopes of a given element always different? In what way(s) are they always the... Problem 11E: Write the symbol for each of the following ions: the ion with a 1+ charge, atomic number 55, and... Problem 12E: Write the symbol for each of the following ions: the ion with a 3+ charge, 28 electrons, and a mass... Problem 13E: Open the Build an Atom simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/I/16PhetAtomBld) and click on the Atom... Problem 14E: Open the Build an Atom simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomBld) Drag protons,... Problem 15E: Open the Build an Atom simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomBld) Drag protons,... Problem 16E: Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following isotopes that are used in... Problem 17E: The following are properties of isotopes of two elements that are essential in our diet. Determine... Problem 18E: Give the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in neutral atoms of each of the following... Problem 19E: Give the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in neutral atoms of each of the following... Problem 20E: Click on the site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomMass) and select the Mix Isotopes tab,... Problem 21E: Click on the site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomMass) and select the Mix Isotopes tab,... Problem 22E: An element has the following natural abundances and isotopic masses: 90.92% abundance with 19.99... Problem 23E: Average atomic masses listed by JUPAC are based on a study of experimental results. Bromine has two... Problem 24E: Variations in average atomic mass may be observed for elements obtained from different sources.... Problem 25E: The average atomic masses of some elements may vary, depending upon the sources of their ores.... Problem 26E: The 18O:16O abundance ratio in some meteorites is greater than that used to calculate the average... Problem 27E: Explain why the symbol for an atom of the element oxygen and the formula for a molecule of oxygen... Problem 28E: Explain why the symbol for the element sulfur and the formula for a molecule of sulfur differ. Problem 29E: Write the molecular and empirical formulas of the following compounds: Problem 30E: Write the molecular and empirical formulas of the following compounds: Problem 31E: Determine the empirical formulas for the following compounds: (a) caffeine, C8H10N4O2 (b) fructose,... Problem 32E: Determine the empirical formulas for the following compounds: (a) acetic acid, C2H4O2 (b) citric... Problem 33E: Write the empirical formulas for the following compounds: Problem 34E: Open the Build a Molecule simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16molbuilding) and select the... Problem 35E: Open the Build a Molecule simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16molbuilding) and select the... Problem 36E: Open the Build a Molecule simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16molbuilding) and select the... Problem 37E: Using the periodic table, classify each of the following elements as a metal or a nonmetal, and then... Problem 38E: Using the periodic table, classify each of the following elements as a metal or a nonmetal, and then... Problem 39E: Using the periodic table, Identify the lightest member of each of the following groups: noble gases... Problem 40E: Using the periodic table, Identify the heaviest member of each of the following groups: alkali... Problem 41E: Use the periodic table to give the name and symbol for each of the following elements: the noble gas... Problem 42E: Use the periodic table to give the name and symbol for each of the following elements: the halogen... Problem 43E: Write a symbol for each of the following neutral isotopes. Include the atomic number and mass number... Problem 44E: Write a symbol for each of the following neutral isotopes. Include the atomic number and mass number... Problem 45E: Using the periodic table, predict whether the following chlorides are ionic or covalent: KCl, NCl3,... Problem 46E: Using the periodic table, predict whether the following chlorides are ionic or covalent: SiCl4,... Problem 47E: For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent. If it is ionic, write... Problem 48E: For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent, and if it is ionic,... Problem 49E: For each of the following pairs of ions, write the formula of the compound they will form: Ca2+,S2... Problem 50E: For each of the following pairs of ions, write the formula of the compound they will form: K+,O2... Problem 51E: Name the following compounds: CsCl BaO K2S BeCl2 HBr AlF3 AlF3 Problem 52E: Name the following compounds: NaF Rb2O BCl3 H2Se P4O6 ICl3 Problem 53E: Write the formulas of the following compounds: rubidium bromide magnesium selenide sodium oxide... Problem 54E: Write the formulas of the following compounds: lithium carbonate sodium perchlorate barium hydroxide... Problem 55E: Write the formulas of the following compounds: chlorine dioxide dinitrogen tetraoxide potassium... Problem 56E: Write the formulas of the following compounds: barium chloride magnesium nitride sulfur dioxide... Problem 57E: Each of the following compounds contains a metal that can exhibit more than one ionic charge. Name... Problem 58E: Each of the following compounds contains a metal that can exhibit more than one ionic charge. Name... Problem 59E: The following ionic compounds are found in common household products. Write the formulas for each... Problem 60E: The following ionic compounds are found in common household products. Name each of the compounds:... Problem 61E: What are the IUPAC names of the following compounds? manganese dioxide mercurous chloride ( Hg2Cl2)... Problem 17E: The following are properties of isotopes of two elements that are essential in our diet. Determine...
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Concept explainers
Be sure to answer all parts.
Atomic Mass
Number of
Number of
Isotope
a. Potassium−42
b.
24
27
Definition Definition Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies an element, as the number of protons determines the element's properties. The periodic table of elements is arranged based on increasing atomic numbers, allowing scientists to easily locate and study elements.
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