isn't true that -OCH3 (methoxy group) The methoxy group is electron withdrawing by the inductive effect of the oxygen atom, since the electronegativity of oxygen is 2.6??? However in EAS, -OCH3 is EDG (electron donating group), why????????

Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
icon
Related questions
icon
Concept explainers
Question

isn't true that -OCH3 (methoxy group) The methoxy group is electron withdrawing by the inductive effect of the oxygen atom, since the electronegativity of oxygen is 2.6??? However in EAS, -OCH3 is EDG (electron donating group), why????????

The image displays a chart categorizing substituents in aromatic compounds based on their electron donating or withdrawing capabilities and their directing effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution.

**Most Activating (EDG - Electron Donating Groups):**
- **Strongly Activating**: 
  - ─O⁻
  - ─NR₂
  - ─NH₂
  - ─OH
  - ─OR

- **Moderately Activating**: 
  - ─NHCOR
  - ─OCOR
  - ─R

- **Weakly Activating**:
  - ─Ar
  - ─C═CR₂

**Reference Group:**
- **H**: Neutral reference position.

**Deactivating (EWG - Electron Withdrawing Groups):**

- **Weakly Deactivating**: 
  - ─F, ─Cl, ─Br, ─I
  - ─CH═CH₂

- **Moderately Deactivating**: 
  - ─CHOR
  - ─COR
  - ─COH
  - ─CCl₃
  - ─CF₃
  - ─C≡N

- **Strongly Deactivating**: 
  - ─SO₂H
  - ─COOH
  - ─NH₃⁺
  - ─NR₃⁺
  - ─NO₂

**Directing Effects:**
- **Ortho/Para Directing**: Groups listed under the activating category tend to direct incoming substituents to the ortho and para positions.
  
- **Meta Directing**: Groups listed under the deactivating category direct incoming substituents to the meta position.

The chart is essential for understanding the reactivity of aromatic compounds in synthetic chemistry, particularly in predicting the positions where new substituents will attach during reactions.
Transcribed Image Text:The image displays a chart categorizing substituents in aromatic compounds based on their electron donating or withdrawing capabilities and their directing effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution. **Most Activating (EDG - Electron Donating Groups):** - **Strongly Activating**: - ─O⁻ - ─NR₂ - ─NH₂ - ─OH - ─OR - **Moderately Activating**: - ─NHCOR - ─OCOR - ─R - **Weakly Activating**: - ─Ar - ─C═CR₂ **Reference Group:** - **H**: Neutral reference position. **Deactivating (EWG - Electron Withdrawing Groups):** - **Weakly Deactivating**: - ─F, ─Cl, ─Br, ─I - ─CH═CH₂ - **Moderately Deactivating**: - ─CHOR - ─COR - ─COH - ─CCl₃ - ─CF₃ - ─C≡N - **Strongly Deactivating**: - ─SO₂H - ─COOH - ─NH₃⁺ - ─NR₃⁺ - ─NO₂ **Directing Effects:** - **Ortho/Para Directing**: Groups listed under the activating category tend to direct incoming substituents to the ortho and para positions. - **Meta Directing**: Groups listed under the deactivating category direct incoming substituents to the meta position. The chart is essential for understanding the reactivity of aromatic compounds in synthetic chemistry, particularly in predicting the positions where new substituents will attach during reactions.
Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Electronic Effects
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY