isn't true that -OCH3 (methoxy group) The methoxy group is electron withdrawing by the inductive effect of the oxygen atom, since the electronegativity of oxygen is 2.6??? However in EAS, -OCH3 is EDG (electron donating group), why????????
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
isn't true that -OCH3 (methoxy group) The methoxy group is electron withdrawing by the inductive effect of the oxygen atom, since the electronegativity of oxygen is 2.6??? However in EAS, -OCH3 is EDG (electron donating group), why????????
![The image displays a chart categorizing substituents in aromatic compounds based on their electron donating or withdrawing capabilities and their directing effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution.
**Most Activating (EDG - Electron Donating Groups):**
- **Strongly Activating**:
- ─O⁻
- ─NR₂
- ─NH₂
- ─OH
- ─OR
- **Moderately Activating**:
- ─NHCOR
- ─OCOR
- ─R
- **Weakly Activating**:
- ─Ar
- ─C═CR₂
**Reference Group:**
- **H**: Neutral reference position.
**Deactivating (EWG - Electron Withdrawing Groups):**
- **Weakly Deactivating**:
- ─F, ─Cl, ─Br, ─I
- ─CH═CH₂
- **Moderately Deactivating**:
- ─CHOR
- ─COR
- ─COH
- ─CCl₃
- ─CF₃
- ─C≡N
- **Strongly Deactivating**:
- ─SO₂H
- ─COOH
- ─NH₃⁺
- ─NR₃⁺
- ─NO₂
**Directing Effects:**
- **Ortho/Para Directing**: Groups listed under the activating category tend to direct incoming substituents to the ortho and para positions.
- **Meta Directing**: Groups listed under the deactivating category direct incoming substituents to the meta position.
The chart is essential for understanding the reactivity of aromatic compounds in synthetic chemistry, particularly in predicting the positions where new substituents will attach during reactions.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe0440bae-aaea-4b30-a6d7-59f732dd66dd%2F9967622e-627a-451f-940e-7d5938d61f39%2Fwjnu74w_processed.gif&w=3840&q=75)
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