Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
_(Image depicting a molecule with a nitrogen (N) atom attached to three methyl groups (CH3), with a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. The molecule is represented in a trigonal pyramidal shape.)_
#### Options:
- It is polar
- It is nonpolar
- Not enough information to tell
#### Explanation:
To determine if this molecule is polar, we need to look at the molecular geometry and the electronegativity of the atoms involved.
- **Molecular Geometry:** The molecule has a nitrogen (N) atom at the center with three methyl groups (CH3) and a lone pair of electrons. This gives it a trigonal pyramidal shape.
- **Electronegativity:** Nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon and hydrogen, creating an unequal distribution of electron density.
Due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen, the molecule has a net dipole moment, which makes it polar.
#### Answer:
- **It is polar.**
Click the correct option to proceed and understand the concept of molecular polarity better!](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff422a30a-7b23-4c2f-839f-6619f20d99cc%2F7e26f2e3-eb4b-4d75-8114-dadb7c171e4e%2F6z9nno_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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