Is the difference between the two indicators significant at the 95% confidence level?

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
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The image presents a problem regarding concentration measurements of acid using two indicators.

**Details:**

An analyst measured the concentration of acid in a solution using two different indicators. The results are summarized as follows:

- **Mean [HCl] ± Standard Deviation (# measurements):**
  - Indicator A: 0.02467 ± 0.0045 (18 measurements)
  - Indicator B: 0.02407 ± 0.0032 (12 measurements)

**Question:**
Is the difference between the two indicators significant at the 95% confidence level?

The problem requires determining if the means of the two sets of measurements are significantly different at a 95% confidence level, which typically involves statistical analysis such as a t-test.
Transcribed Image Text:The image presents a problem regarding concentration measurements of acid using two indicators. **Details:** An analyst measured the concentration of acid in a solution using two different indicators. The results are summarized as follows: - **Mean [HCl] ± Standard Deviation (# measurements):** - Indicator A: 0.02467 ± 0.0045 (18 measurements) - Indicator B: 0.02407 ± 0.0032 (12 measurements) **Question:** Is the difference between the two indicators significant at the 95% confidence level? The problem requires determining if the means of the two sets of measurements are significantly different at a 95% confidence level, which typically involves statistical analysis such as a t-test.
The image displays a section of a t-distribution table, which is used to determine the critical values of the t-distribution based on degrees of freedom and confidence levels.

### Table Breakdown:
- **Degrees of Freedom:** This is listed vertically in the first column. It represents the number of independent values that can vary in an analysis without breaking any constraints.
- **Confidence Levels:** These are displayed horizontally across the top (50, 90, 95, 98, 99, 99.5, 99.9). They indicate the probability that a given range encompasses the true population parameter.

### Explanation:
For each degree of freedom, the corresponding row provides the critical t-values for each specified confidence level. These values are utilized primarily in confidence interval calculations and hypothesis testing where the sample size is small or the population standard deviation is unknown.

### Note:
At the bottom, there is a note explaining substitutions in confidence intervals. If a known "true" population standard deviation is determined, 'z' may be used instead of 't'. The value of 't' used in Equation 4-6 is taken from the bottom row of Table #2.

This table is essential for students and researchers performing statistical analyses with t-tests, helping them determine critical values for different degrees of freedom and desired confidence levels.
Transcribed Image Text:The image displays a section of a t-distribution table, which is used to determine the critical values of the t-distribution based on degrees of freedom and confidence levels. ### Table Breakdown: - **Degrees of Freedom:** This is listed vertically in the first column. It represents the number of independent values that can vary in an analysis without breaking any constraints. - **Confidence Levels:** These are displayed horizontally across the top (50, 90, 95, 98, 99, 99.5, 99.9). They indicate the probability that a given range encompasses the true population parameter. ### Explanation: For each degree of freedom, the corresponding row provides the critical t-values for each specified confidence level. These values are utilized primarily in confidence interval calculations and hypothesis testing where the sample size is small or the population standard deviation is unknown. ### Note: At the bottom, there is a note explaining substitutions in confidence intervals. If a known "true" population standard deviation is determined, 'z' may be used instead of 't'. The value of 't' used in Equation 4-6 is taken from the bottom row of Table #2. This table is essential for students and researchers performing statistical analyses with t-tests, helping them determine critical values for different degrees of freedom and desired confidence levels.
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