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is subjected to a tensile load of 106 N at the ends.

is subjected to a tensile load of 106 N at the ends.

Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN:9781337630931
Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Q3 A rod made of aluminium (Al) alloy is subjected to a tensile load of 106 N at the ends. The geometry of the rod has been specified in Fig Q3.1. (a) Using the materials property chart shown in Fig. Q3.2, estimate the change in the length of the rod when it is subjected to tension. (b) Calculate the change in the rod diameter if the Poisson's ratio of the Al alloy is 0.33. (c) With assistance of the materials property chart (Fig Q 3.2), estimate the maximum surface crack length the rod can contain before the rod fails by fracture under tension, assume Y=1.1. (d) With reference to Fig Q 3.3, give a short justification on what would be the most suitable primary shaping process for making 9 million such Al alloy rods? Discuss what defects may be present in the products for the process you proposed and how this may affect the mechanical properties (e.g. fracture, fatigue properties) of the products. Q3 contd. (e) With reference to the S-N curve shown in Fig. Q3.4, if the Al alloy rod is subjected a stress. range of 500 MPa, estimate the number of cycles the Al rod may survive. If the Al rod is to survive 2 x 105 cycles, estimate the maximum allowable tensile and compressive load that may be applied to the Al alloy rod. MEE1004/2021 (f) With assistance of Fig Q3.5, if the rod is to be made of Nylon with the same diameter but a length of 2 m, give a short justification on what would be the most suitable process for manufacturing 9 million of such products? How is the embodied energy (in MJ) per Nylon rod compared to that of the Al alloy rod? (Density of Al alloy = 2,700 Kg/m³ and Density of Nylon = 1,150 Kg/m³) Length = 500 mm Fig. Q3.1 Diameter = 50 mm
Transcribed Image Text:Q3 A rod made of aluminium (Al) alloy is subjected to a tensile load of 106 N at the ends. The geometry of the rod has been specified in Fig Q3.1. (a) Using the materials property chart shown in Fig. Q3.2, estimate the change in the length of the rod when it is subjected to tension. (b) Calculate the change in the rod diameter if the Poisson's ratio of the Al alloy is 0.33. (c) With assistance of the materials property chart (Fig Q 3.2), estimate the maximum surface crack length the rod can contain before the rod fails by fracture under tension, assume Y=1.1. (d) With reference to Fig Q 3.3, give a short justification on what would be the most suitable primary shaping process for making 9 million such Al alloy rods? Discuss what defects may be present in the products for the process you proposed and how this may affect the mechanical properties (e.g. fracture, fatigue properties) of the products. Q3 contd. (e) With reference to the S-N curve shown in Fig. Q3.4, if the Al alloy rod is subjected a stress. range of 500 MPa, estimate the number of cycles the Al rod may survive. If the Al rod is to survive 2 x 105 cycles, estimate the maximum allowable tensile and compressive load that may be applied to the Al alloy rod. MEE1004/2021 (f) With assistance of Fig Q3.5, if the rod is to be made of Nylon with the same diameter but a length of 2 m, give a short justification on what would be the most suitable process for manufacturing 9 million of such products? How is the embodied energy (in MJ) per Nylon rod compared to that of the Al alloy rod? (Density of Al alloy = 2,700 Kg/m³ and Density of Nylon = 1,150 Kg/m³) Length = 500 mm Fig. Q3.1 Diameter = 50 mm
Q3 contd. 1000 Fracture toughness, K₁c (MPa.m¹/2) 100 10 0.1 0.01 Fracture toughness - Modulus (K₁²/E Butyl rubber 0.001 Ceramic shaping Polymers K10/E Elastomers, Silicone elastomers Composite shaping Metal shaping Polymer shaping Design guidelines Polyurethane Rigid polymer foams 0.01 Leather EVA lonomers Cork 0.1 Sand casting Die casting Investment Casting Low-pressure casting Forging Extrusion Audron Sheet forming Powder methods Electro-machining Conventional machining Injection molding Blow molding Blow molding in molding Compression molding ational molding Rotational molding molding Thermo-forming Polymer casting Resin-transfer molding Filament winding Lay-up methods Vacuum bag 1 Natural materials ABS PTFE PP Zinc alloys Composites Al alloys, Mg alloys PC PS 10 1 10 Young's modulus, E (GPa) Lead alloys Wood Fig. Q3.2 Stone Epoxies -Foams Flexible polymer foams Non-technical ceramics Con- rod Fig Q3.3 Metals Cu alloys Ti alloys L GFRP Toughness G (K1²/E kJ/m² CFRP Brick + Concrete Soda glass O Al₂O3 Ni alloys / 100 Lower limit for K1c 102 103 104 105 Economic batch size (units) metal ceramic polymer composite Steels CD case 106 SigNa -Walloys 1 Spark plug Cast irons 0.1 SIC -Silicon Silica Technical glass ceramics 00 B₂C 10 0.01 107 WC 1000 MFA, 04 contd./
Transcribed Image Text:Q3 contd. 1000 Fracture toughness, K₁c (MPa.m¹/2) 100 10 0.1 0.01 Fracture toughness - Modulus (K₁²/E Butyl rubber 0.001 Ceramic shaping Polymers K10/E Elastomers, Silicone elastomers Composite shaping Metal shaping Polymer shaping Design guidelines Polyurethane Rigid polymer foams 0.01 Leather EVA lonomers Cork 0.1 Sand casting Die casting Investment Casting Low-pressure casting Forging Extrusion Audron Sheet forming Powder methods Electro-machining Conventional machining Injection molding Blow molding Blow molding in molding Compression molding ational molding Rotational molding molding Thermo-forming Polymer casting Resin-transfer molding Filament winding Lay-up methods Vacuum bag 1 Natural materials ABS PTFE PP Zinc alloys Composites Al alloys, Mg alloys PC PS 10 1 10 Young's modulus, E (GPa) Lead alloys Wood Fig. Q3.2 Stone Epoxies -Foams Flexible polymer foams Non-technical ceramics Con- rod Fig Q3.3 Metals Cu alloys Ti alloys L GFRP Toughness G (K1²/E kJ/m² CFRP Brick + Concrete Soda glass O Al₂O3 Ni alloys / 100 Lower limit for K1c 102 103 104 105 Economic batch size (units) metal ceramic polymer composite Steels CD case 106 SigNa -Walloys 1 Spark plug Cast irons 0.1 SIC -Silicon Silica Technical glass ceramics 00 B₂C 10 0.01 107 WC 1000 MFA, 04 contd./
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