I/O interface: (a) Consider the following I/O scenarios on a single-user PC: i. A mouse used with a graphical user interface ii. A disk drive containing user files iii. A graphics card with direct memory bus connection, accessible via memory-mapped I/O For each of these I/O scenarios, would you use polled I/O or interrupt-driven I/O? Would you design the operating system to use buffering, spooling, caching, or a combination? (b) The operating system normally performs resource accounting in order to determine, for instance, the amount of CPU time that a process has already consumed for scheduling purposes. Discuss why interrupts and execution in kernel mode could complicate this process. (Question: Operating System)

Q: 1-How can the CPU recognize the device requesting an interrupt? 2-Since different devices are likely…

A: 1 ) Answers:--> Through the use of interrupt signals or interrupt lines, the CPU may identify the…

Q: Load operation means: (a) CPU reads data from RAM and save in a register (b) CPU reads data from…

A: The "load operation" in the context of computer architecture refers to the process where the CPU…

Q: The method which offers higher speeds of I/O transfers is a. Interrupts b. Memory mapping c.…

A: Exрlаnаtiоn:  In  DMА  the  I/О  deviсes  аre  direсtly  аllоwed  tо  interасt  with  the  memоry…

Q: What happens to the CPU when a software requests input/output (I/O)? How is it communicated to the…

A: Answer:

Q: Name 2 common hardware pieces in a computer that we cannot virtualize

A: The virtual program or machine will always run in a layer on the system by which it has been hosted,…

Q: statements that are true. upts system Divisions by zero and unauthorized memory accesses can cause…

A: The following statements are true: Divisions by zero and unauthorized memory accesses can cause…

Q: 1-How can the CPU recognize the device requesting an interrupt? 2-Since different devices are likely…

A: The CPU recognizes the device requesting an interrupt through a combination of hardware and software…

Q: Process and Scheduler used for a. Memory b. I/O Devices c. I/O Modules d. Process

A: 1) Process scheduling is an OS task that schedules processes of different states like ready,…

Q: When compared to programmed I/O, what distinguishes interrupt-driven I/O?

A: This question differentiates between interrupt-driven I/O and programmable I/O.

Q: Many I/O devices are linked to the CPU, and any device may trigger an interrupt at any moment. Write…

A: The four different methods a processor may use to identify the devices that caused the interrupt…

Q: A program is an active entity. Q8. A uniprogramming shows higher CPU utilization than a…

A: Note: There are multiple questions are given in one question. According to the rule, you will get…

Q: Describe the role of the ALU in handling exceptions and interrupts in a CPU. How does it maintain…

A: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) plays a crucial role in handling exceptions and interrupts within a…

Q: Synchronising the microprocessor with any I/O device in which the device sends a signal when it…

A: The answer to the above MCQ is: Ans: interrupts This is a method of accessing the I/O devices which…

Q: One of the I/O mechanisms missing from a hypothetical computer system is the interrupt. Is there any…

A: Introduction: One of the input/output (I/O) mechanisms that is absent from a hypothetical computer…

Q: Both "interrupt" and "traps" may be used to stop a process from running. Give examples of Interrupt…

A: Interrupts: Interrupts are signals shipped off the computer chip that demonstrate an occasion has…

Q: The data transfer between CPU and the 1/O devices may be done in different techniques. Briefly…

A: Data transfer between CPU and I/O device using two different method Interrupt I/O technique and…

Q: When an interrupt occurs, the CPU immediately suspends the current process and deals with the issue.…

A: If an issue happens, that causes process instances to be terminated. You can take several actions.

Q: Why do Solaris, Linux, and Windows 2000 use spinlocks as a synchronization mechanism only on…

A: Answer : Spinlocks are only used as a synchronisation mechanism on multiprocessor systems in…

Q: What is the function of an I/O interface?

A: I/O interface: It is a component that is used to communicate with input and output devices. It…

Q: 10. What is Programmed I/O ?

A: Answer:

Q: Your company could speed up a Java program on their new computer by adding hardware support for…

A: Answer:)

Q: 10. What is Programmed I/O ?

A:

Q: Q1/ Explain with details the segments memory of microprocessor 8086 at below action: 1- Fetch and…

A: Bus: A bus is a common group of wires that interconnect components in a computer system. The buses…

Q: 4- How many bytes of memory does an interrupt vector take up?

A: As per our guidelines we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost other questions as…

Q: What happens to the CPU when a software requests input/output (I/O)? How is it communicated to the…

A: I/O Request: I/O requests for parcels are structures used in kernel mode for communication between…

Q: What is the basic difference between standard I/O and memory-mapped I/O? Essay

A: Introduction:  isolation I/O    :  Then there is isolated I/O, which uses separate read and write…

Q: When compared to programmed I/O, what distinguishes interrupt-driven I/O?

A: The following are the distinctions between interrupt-driven I/O and programmable (Input/Output) I/O:…

Q: What's the main difference between Memory-mapped I/O and Isolated I/O?

A: I/O operation in computing refers to the process of transferring data between the central processing…

Q: There is a lot of controversy around the relative merits of interrupt-driven operating systems and…

A: Intro Interrupts are important because they provide the user additional power over the computer…

Q: Why do Solaris, Linux, and Windows 2000 use spinlocks as a synchronization mechanism only on…

A: Spin locks are a low-level synchronization mechanism suitable primarily for use on shared memory…

Q: Explain how programmed I/O is different from interrupt-driven I/O.

A: Difference of programmed I/O from interrupt driven I/O In interrupt driven data transfer, I/O…

Q: Suppose that you had a computer that had no interrupt capability. How do you think this would…

A: Interrupt: An interrupt seems as a mechanism that transfers the execution of the software,…

Q: Explain the distinction between privileged instructions and those accessible only to the user.

A: An instruction that any program or user may execute is a non-privileged (also known as user-level)…

Q: There are several I/O devices that are connected to the CPU, and any one of these devices may cause…

A: The above question is solved in step 2 :-

Q: 121. Addresses of interrupt programs of operating system are placed at a. RAM b. ROM c. interrupt…

A: On PCs, the Interrupt Vector Table (IVT) consists of 256 4-byte pointers, and resides in the first…

Q: When compared to programmed I/O, what distinguishes interrupt-driven I/O?

A: In Programmed I/O Transfer of Data is initiated by instructions stored in computer program. In…

Q: The hypothetical computer system is deficient in the Interrupt, which is one of the I/O methods. Are…

A: Interrupt-driven I/O and predetermined I/O are two approaches to handling input/output operations in…

Q: Suppose your computer has 512MB of memory. The loaded size of the operating system is 128MB. Now you…

A: An Operating System (OS) which refers to the interface between a computer user and computer…

Q: Question 9: A mouse generates an interrupt whenever the position changes by 0.1 mm. How much ti does…

A: Given mouse moves 30 cm/sec.

Q: The microprocessor provides the inputs for the hardware interrupts in the form of a non-maskable…

A: Hardware interrupt: An electrical warning signal given to the CPU by an external device, such as a…

Q: Spec CPU benchmarks address the deficiencies of the Whetstone, Dhrystone, and Linpack benchmarks,…

A: Introduction: The Dhrystone, Whetstone, and Linpack benchmarks established a foundation for the…

Fundamentals of Input and Output Performance

The I/O subsystem is a component of computer system design that uses buses to assist communication between the Central Processing Unit, Computer Memory/Storage, and Input and Output Devices (that is known as peripheral devices). The I/O subsystem includes disc controllers, tape drives, discs, system buses, and other devices. The I/O database application reads and writes drives using the operating system windows I/O.