INTEREST RATE (Percent) 15 12 3 0 0 20 Money Supply Money Demand 40 60 80 MONEY (Billions of dollars) 100 120 Money Demand Money Supply Following the price level increase, the quantity of money demanded at the initial interest rate of 9% will be supplied by the Fed at this interest rate. As a result, individuals will attempt to will bonds and other interest-bearing assets, and bond issuers will realize that they equilibrium is restored in the money market at an interest rate of % than the quantity of money their money holdings. In order to do so, they interest rates until

INTEREST RATE (Percent) 15 12 3 0 0 20 Money Supply Money Demand 40 60 80 MONEY (Billions of dollars) 100 120 Money Demand Money Supply Following the price level increase, the quantity of money demanded at the initial interest rate of 9% will be supplied by the Fed at this interest rate. As a result, individuals will attempt to will bonds and other interest-bearing assets, and bond issuers will realize that they equilibrium is restored in the money market at an interest rate of % than the quantity of money their money holdings. In order to do so, they interest rates until

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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C = 50 + 0.9 · (Y – T) I = 50 – 1000 - r where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are Ğ = 500, T = 500. The money market equilibrium curve-or LM curve-is where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying M = 10000 units of money, and expected inflation is zº = 0.05. The long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) is Y, = 1000. Suddenly, there is a climate shock that changes the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), and the consumption function changes to C' = 50 + 0.8 · (Y – T). 1. Explain how the short-run values of (r, i) are determined before the climate shock. 2. Which, if any, of the graphs from Appendix A best depicts the short-run change in the interest rate(s) due to the climate shock? Explain. 3. Which, if any, of the graphs from Appendix B best depicts the short-run change in output and price due to the climate shock? Explain. 4. Which, if any, of the graphs from Appendix C best…
Q3. Suppose that the money demand function is given by: Md=$Y (.25-i), where $Y is $100. (a) Derive the bond demand function (B) assuming that wealth is $50. (b) Calculate Md and Bd at interest rates of 5% (use .05) and 10% (use .10). SHOW WORK. (c) How does an increase in the interest rate affect the amount of money people are willing to hold, according to your calculations? How does an increase in the interest rate affect the quantity of bonds people are willing to hold? (d) Suppose the supply of money is currently $20.. Show that the equilibrium interest rate is 5% (.05). (e) Suppose the central bank wants the equilibrium interest rate to rise to 15% (.15). At what level should it set monetary policy? SHOW WORK. What kind of monetary policy (expansionary or contractionary) does this imply?
Assume that the expected inflation rises to Еπ₂. Consequently, the expected return on one-year discount bonds (discussed in Question 2) relative to other assets falls for any given price and interest rate. The demand for these bonds falls, and the supply rises. The new equations for the demand and the supply of these bonds are as follows: New demand for bonds: P₂ = -0.7Q₂ + 1050 New supply of bonds: P2 = Q₂ + 850 1. Calculate the new expected equilibrium quantity of bonds. Round your answer to two decimal places. [1] 2. Calculate the new expected equilibrium price of bonds. Round your answer to two decimal places. [1] 3. Calculate the new equilibrium interest rate in this market. Round your answer to two decimal places. [1]
0 The Fed exerted downward pressure on interest rates by conducting open market sales which led to an increase in demand for interest sensitive goods such as consumer durables, housing, and investment in physical capital. The Fed exerted upward pressure on interest rates by conducting open market sales which led to an increase in demand for interest sensitive goods such as consumer durables, housing, and investment in physical capital. The Fed exerted downward pressure on interest rates by conducting open market purchases which led to an increase in demand for interest sensitive goods such as consumer durables, housing, and investment in physical capital, The Fed exerted upward pressure on interest rates by conducting open market purchases which led to an increase in demand for interest sensitive goods such as consumer durables, housing, and investment in physical capital. Question 24 3 Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for the shift in the aggregate demand curve…
2. The theory of liquidity preference and the downward-slopingaggregate demand curve The following graph shows the money market in a hypothetical economy. The central bank in this economy is called the Fed. Assume that the Fed fixes the quantity of money supplied. Suppose the price level decreases from 90 to 75. Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to show the impact of a decrease in the overall price level on the market for money. 12 Money Supply 10 Money Demand Money Supply MD1 2 MD2 10 20 30 40 50 60 MONEY (Billions of dollars) INTEREST RATE (Percent)
please fill in the blanks and finish the graph: The following graph represents the money market for some hypothetical economy. This economy is similar to the United States in the sense that it has a central bank called the Fed, but a major difference is that this economy is closed (and therefore does not have any interaction with other world economies). The money market is currently in equilibrium at an interest rate of 2.5% and a quantity of money equal to $0.4 trillion, designated on the graph by the grey symbol.Suppose the Fed announces that it is lowering its target interest rate by 75 basis points, or 0.75 percentage points. To do this, the Fed will use open market operations to the money by the public. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the previous graph to illustrate the effects of this policy by placing the new money supply curve (MS) in the correct location. Place the black point (plus symbol) at the new equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money. Use the green line…
Continued monetary tightening 05 October 2022 The Monetary Policy Committee today increased the Official Cash Rate (OCR) to 3.5% from 3.0%. The Committee agreed it remains appropriate to continue to tighten monetary conditions at pace to maintain price stability and contribute to maximum sustainable employment. Core consumer price inflation is too high and labour resources are scarce. Global consumer price pressures remain heightened. The global demand for goods and services is exceeding supply capacity, putting upward pressure on prices. Food and energy prices are being particularly exacerbated by the war in Ukraine. A recent decline in oil prices and an easing in some supply-chain constraints have seen headline inflation measures fall in some countries. However, core measures of inflation have risen and persist. Central banks are tightening monetary conditions, implying a weaker growth outlook for New Zealand's trading partners. In New Zealand, the level of domestic spending has…
C = 100 + 0.5 - (Y – T') I = 500 – 1000 -r where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are Ğ = 500, Ť = 100. The LM (money market equilibrium) curve is Y 5i where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying M = 8000 units of money, and expected inflation is a = 0. Assume that the long-run equilibrium level of output is Y = 2000. Short-run equilibrium output is initially at the same level (Y = 2000). Suddenly, news of a new world-beating super-vaccine raises expected inflation to = 0.05. Question 5 Suppose that consumers finally decide to get rid of cash altogether, and only use debit cards. Nothing else changes, and the CB doesn't do anything either. What do you think will happen to money supply M and prices P in the short and long-runs? Does this change money demand?
An increase in the expected rate of inflation will the expected return on bonds relative to the that on real assets, and shift the curve to the .
Assume the inflation rate is 6% and there is every indication that price levels will continue to rise. The Fed should engage in which policy with respect to open market operations: Buy bonds Sell bonds. Increase reserve ratio Decrease reserve ratio
Suppose there is an increase in the demand for money due to a change in transactions costs, preferences, or expectations. Explain the effect on the demand for bonds, the interest rate, the price of bonds, the quantity of bonds per period, the impact on real GDP, and on the price level.
8. Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rate levels Apart from risk components, several macroeconomic factors—such as Federal Reserve (the Fed) policy, federal budget deficit or surplus, international factors, and levels of business activity—influence interest rates. Based on your understanding of the impact of macroeconomic factors, identify which of the following statements are true or false: Statements True False When the Fed increases the money supply, short-term interest rates tend to decline. Actions that lower short-term interest rates will always lower long-term interest rates. Long-term interest rates are not as sensitive to booms and recessions as are short-term interest rates. The Federal Reserve’s ability to use monetary policy to control economic activity in the United States is limited because US interest rates are highly dependent on interest rates in other parts of the world.