Integrative Leverage and risk Firm R has sales of 102,000 units at $2.01 per unit, variable operating costs of $1.66 per unit, and fixed operating costs of $6,010. Interest is $10,110 per year. Firm W has sales of 102,000 units at $2.59 per unit, variable operating costs of $0.97 per unit, and fixed operating costs of $62,100. Interest is $17,300 per year. Assume that both firms are in the 40% tax bracket. a. Compute the degree of operating, financial, and total leverage for firm R. b. Compute the degree of operating, financial, and total leverage for firm W. c. Compare the relative risks of the two firms. d. Discuss the principles of leverage that your answers illustrate. a. The degree of operating leverage for firm R is (Round to two decimal places.)

Integrative Leverage and risk Firm R has sales of 102,000 units at $2.01 per unit, variable operating costs of $1.66 per unit, and fixed operating costs of $6,010. Interest is $10,110 per year. Firm W has sales of 102,000 units at $2.59 per unit, variable operating costs of $0.97 per unit, and fixed operating costs of $62,100. Interest is $17,300 per year. Assume that both firms are in the 40% tax bracket. a. Compute the degree of operating, financial, and total leverage for firm R. b. Compute the degree of operating, financial, and total leverage for firm W. c. Compare the relative risks of the two firms. d. Discuss the principles of leverage that your answers illustrate. a. The degree of operating leverage for firm R is (Round to two decimal places.)

Essentials Of Investments

11th Edition

ISBN:9781260013924

Author:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Publisher:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Chapter1: Investments: Background And Issues

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PS

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Garcia Company is considering a $380,000 investment with the following net cash flows. Garcia requires a 10% return on its investments. The net present value of this investment is: Annual Net Cash Present Value of $1 Flows at 10% Initial investment Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Multiple Choice $190,413. $374,823. 3 $ 140,000 100, 000 160, 000 270,000 90,000 1.0000 0.9091 0.8264 0.7513 0.6830 0.6209
Quantitative Problem: Bellinger Industries is considering two projects for inclusion in its capital budget, and you have been asked to do the analysis. Both projects' after-tax cash flows are shown on the time line below. Depreciation, salvage values, net operating working capital requirements, and tax effects are all included in these cash flows. Both projects have 4-year lives, and they have risk characteristics similar to the firm's average project. Bellinger's WACC is 9%. 0 1 2 3 4 Project A -1,400 650 390 210 260 Project B -1,400 250 325 360 710 What is Project A's MIRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. % What is Project B's MIRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. %
Initial investment of 900 million with operating costs of 40 million/year. The profit in the first year is 130 million, the following year it increases with a gradient of 30 million/year until the 5th year, then remains until the 8th year, and then decreases with a gradient of 20 million/year. If the investment age is 12 years and the residual value is 300 million, evaluate the investment using the PBP and DPBP methods if the prevailing interest rate is 10%/year.
Quantitative Problem: Bellinger Industries is considering two projects for inclusion in its capital budget, and you have been asked to do the analysis. Both projects' after-tax cash flows are shown on the time line below. Depreciation, salvage values, net operating working capital requirements, and tax effects are all included in these cash flows. Both projects have 4-year lives, and they have risk characteristics similar to the firm's average project. Bellinger's WACC is 11%. 0 1 2 3 4 Project A -1,050 600 360 300 290 Project B -1,050 200 295 450 740 What is Project A’s IRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. _________ % What is Project B's IRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. _________% If the projects were independent, which project(s) would be accepted according to the IRR method? If the projects were mutually exclusive, which…
= $ A project has the following estimated data: price 104.00 per unit; variable costs = $60.50 per unit; fixed costs investment = $39,600.00; life = 6 years. What is the $37,500.00; required return = 8%; initial degree of operating leverage at the financial break - even level of output? a) 4.38 b) 7.38 c) 6.38 d) 3.38 e ) 5.38
Unequal lives-ANPV approach Portland Products is considering the purchase of one of three mutually exclusive projects for increasing production efficiency. The firm plans to use a 13.1% cost of capital to evaluate these equal-risk projects. The initial investment and annual cash inflows over the life of each project are shown in the following table. (Click on the icon here in order to copy the contents of the data table below into a spreadsheet.) Initial investment (CF) Year (t) 1 2345678 u. VUIMMU BIV TRE Project X $78,000 $16,700 25,100 33,000 40,800 PETIT. Project X Project Z Project Y Project Y $52,000 Cash inflows (CF) $27,800 38,200 a. Calculate the NPV for each project over its life. Rank the projects in descending order on the basis of NPV. b. Use the annualized net present value (ANPV) approach to evaluate and rank the projects in descending order on the basis of ANPV c. Compare and contrast your findings in parts (a) and (b). Which project would you recommend that the firm…
Revenues generated by a new fad product are forecast as follows: Year Revenues 1 $50,000 2 35,000 3 30,000 4 20,000 Thereafter 0 Expenses are expected to be 40% of revenues, and working capital required in each year is expected to be 20% of revenues in the following year. The product requires an immediate investment of $60,000 in plant and equipment. a. What is the initial investment in the product? Remember working capital. b. If the plant and equipment are depreciated over 4 years to a salvage value of zero using straight-line depreciation, and the firm’s tax rate is 20%, what are the project cash flows in each year? Assume the plant and equipment are worthless at the end of 4 years. c. If the opportunity cost of capital is 10%, what is the project's NPV? d. What is the project IRR?
Quantitative Problem: Bellinger Industries is considering two projects for inclusion in its capital budget, and you have been asked to do the analysis. Both projects' after-tax cash flows are shown on the time line below. Depreciation, salvage values, net operating working capital requirements, and tax effects are all included in these cash flows. Both projects have 4-year lives, and they have risk characteristics similar to the firm's average project. Bellinger's WACC is 9%. 0 1 2 3 4 Project A -900 600 365 280 330 Project B -900 200 300 430 780 What is Project A's payback? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to four decimal places. years What is Project A's discounted payback? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to four decimal places. years What is Project B's payback? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to four decimal places. years What is Project B's…
Project A has the following estimated cash flows and present values:Year Cash flow $ Discount factor@ 12% Present value $0 Cost (95 000) 1.0 (95 000) 1–5 Contributionper annum 50 000 3.605 180 250 1–5 Fixed costsper annum (25 000) 3.605 (90 125) 5 Residual value 20 000 0.567 11 340 The benefit of using sensitivity analysis in an investment appraisal would be:
a project fixed cost of $55,000 per year. The operating cash flow at 7,550 units is $56,900. Ignore taxes. what will be the new degree of operating leverage if the number of units sold rises to 9,445?
Quantitative Problem: Bellinger Industries is considering two projects for inclusion in its capital budget, and you have been asked to do the analysis. Both projects' after-tax cash flows are shown on the time line below. Depreciation, salvage values, net operating working capital requirements, and tax effects are all included in these cash flows. Both projects have 4-year lives, and they have risk characteristics similar to the firm's average project. Bellinger's WACC is 7%. 1 1 -1,250 600 -1,250 200 What is Project A's MIRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. 8 % Project A Project B 0 2 1 395 330 3 + 220 370 4 1 270 720 Show All Feedback What is Project B's MIRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. 9 %
Finnegan Company plans to Invest In a new operating plant that Is expected to cost $500,000. The projected Incremental Income from the Investment Is as follows: Net Income Year After Tax 1 $30,000 $45,000 $50,000 $55,000 $40,000 $20,000 The unadjusted rate of return on the Inltial Investment would be approximately. Multiple Choice 80% 6.0%. 16.7% 48.0%

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