States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Initial buret reading (A) =
Final Buret reading (B) =
Total volume used =
![The image shows two close-ups of graduated cylinders, demonstrating how to accurately read liquid volumes:
1. **Left Graduated Cylinder**:
- The liquid level is at the 10 ml mark.
- The meniscus, or the curve of the liquid surface, slightly dips below the 10 ml line.
- The correct reading is taken at the bottom of the meniscus, which aligns with the 10 ml mark.
2. **Right Graduated Cylinder**:
- The liquid level is at the 24 ml mark.
- Similarly, the meniscus dips slightly below the 24 ml line.
- The correct reading is at the bottom of the meniscus, aligning with the 24 ml mark.
**Explanation**:
When measuring liquids in a graduated cylinder, it's important to view the cylinder at eye level and read the measurement at the bottom of the meniscus to ensure an accurate reading. The meniscus forms due to the liquid's surface tension and the adhesion between the liquid and the cylinder walls.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fafc721bf-9893-4a4a-88d1-87e8133f42be%2F64548e77-29d8-498d-a372-0b5f4d6aec2e%2Fcn3xuzrn_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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