INFORMATION The following information was extracted from the budget of Mary's Manufacturers for the period July to December 2021: 1. Total production and sales 2 300 units 2. Selling price per unit R200 3. Variable manufacturing costs per unit: Direct materials R60 Direct labour R40 Overheads R20 4. Fixed manufacturing overheads R200 000 5. Other costs: Fixed marketing and administrative costs R100 000 Sales commission 10% of sales
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
1. Calculate the break-even quantity.
2. Calculate the sales value required to achieve a net profit of
R150 000, using the marginal income ratio.
3. Determine the selling price per unit if a net profit of R624 600 is desired.
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