Independent of any possible effects of parasites, estimate the reduction in frog density caused by the addition of trouts. 180.2 - 111.4 = 68.8 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area 180.2 - 125.8= 54.4 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area 180.2 - 14.3 = 165.9 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area (180.2 + 125.8)/2-(111.4 +14.3)/2 = 27.3 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area
Independent of any possible effects of parasites, estimate the reduction in frog density caused by the addition of trouts. 180.2 - 111.4 = 68.8 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area 180.2 - 125.8= 54.4 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area 180.2 - 14.3 = 165.9 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area (180.2 + 125.8)/2-(111.4 +14.3)/2 = 27.3 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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In this experiment, what is(are) the control, independant and dependent factor(s)?
Transcribed Image Text:Suppose that researchers wanted to examine the combined effects of an introduced predator (a trout) and the trematode parasite Ribeiroia on amphibian populations. To do this, they
established frog populations in each of 40 artificial ponds. Each pond was assigned at random to one of four treatments (10 ponds per treatment): 1) neither trout or parasites were added
to the pond (the "No trout, no parasite" treatment); 2) no trout were added but parasites were added ("No trout, parasite added"); 3) trout were added but parasites were not added ("Trout
added, no parasite"); and 4) both trout and parasites were added ("Trout added, parasite added"). Each pond contained refugia where tadpoles could avoid attack by trout, to avoid fish
predators driving frog populations to extinction in an artificial pond, unlike what typically occurs in a natural pond. After two breeding seasons, the researchers estimated the density of
frogs in each pond. The results are shown in the table and the figure.
Treatment
No trout, no parasite
No trout, parasite added
Trout added, no parasite
Trout added, parasite
added
Average frog density
(per 10 m² of pond surface area)
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Average frog density (per
10 m² of pond surface
area)
180.2
111.4
125.8
14.3
No trout,
Trout added,
No trout,
Trout added,
no parasite parasite added no parasite parasite added
Treatment
Use the information above to answer this question and the following questions.
Transcribed Image Text:Independent of any possible effects of parasites, estimate the reduction in frog
density caused by the addition of trouts.
180.2 - 111.4 68.8 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area
180.2 - 125.8 = 54.4 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area
180.2 - 14.3=165.9 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area
(180.2 + 125.8)/2-(111.4 +14.3)/2 = 27.3 frog per 10 meter² of pond surface area
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