In C++ **C++ Scope and Storage Class Example**The following C++ program demonstrates the concepts of storage class and scope:```cpp#include using namespace std;int x = 10;int main(){ int x = 20; cout << "x is " << x << endl; { int x = 42; cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "x is " << ::x << endl; } { int x = 30; cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "x is " << ::x << endl; } cout << "x is " << x << endl;}```**Explanation:**1. **Global Scope:** - `int x = 10;` is declared outside all functions, making it a global variable accessible throughout the entire program using the scope resolution operator `::`.2. **Main Function Scope:** - Within `main()`, `int x = 20;` declares a local variable `x` that shadows the global variable `x`.3. **Block Scopes:** - The first inner block declares `int x = 42;`. Here, `cout << "x is " << x << endl;` prints the local `x` (42), while `cout << "x is " << ::x << endl;` prints the global `x` (10). - The second block similarly declares `int x = 30;`. The first print statement outputs 30, while the second outputs the global `x` (10).4. **End of Main Function:** - Finally, `cout << "x is " << x << endl;` outputs the `x` from the main function's scope (20).Understanding how scope works in C++ is crucial for effectively utilizing variables and avoiding potential naming conflicts.

#include <iostream>using namespace std;int x=10;//varaible x declared and initialized in…

#include using namespace std; int x = 10; int main () int x = 20; %3D cout << "x is " << x << endl; { int x = 42; %3D cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "x is " << ::x << end%3; int x = 30; cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "x is " << ::x << endl; cout << "x is " << x << endl;

#include using namespace std; int x = 10; int main () int x = 20; %3D cout << "x is " << x << endl; { int x = 42; %3D cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "x is " << ::x << end%3; int x = 30; cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "x is " << ::x << endl; cout << "x is " << x << endl;

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Question

In C++

**C++ Scope and Storage Class Example**

The following C++ program demonstrates the concepts of storage class and scope:

```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int x = 10;

int main()
{
int x = 20;
cout << "x is " << x << endl;

{
int x = 42;

cout << "x is " << x << endl;
cout << "x is " << ::x << endl;
}

{
int x = 30;
cout << "x is " << x << endl;
cout << "x is " << ::x << endl;
}

cout << "x is " << x << endl;
}
```

**Explanation:**

1. **Global Scope:**
- `int x = 10;` is declared outside all functions, making it a global variable accessible throughout the entire program using the scope resolution operator `::`.

2. **Main Function Scope:**
- Within `main()`, `int x = 20;` declares a local variable `x` that shadows the global variable `x`.

3. **Block Scopes:**
- The first inner block declares `int x = 42;`. Here, `cout << "x is " << x << endl;` prints the local `x` (42), while `cout << "x is " << ::x << endl;` prints the global `x` (10).
- The second block similarly declares `int x = 30;`. The first print statement outputs 30, while the second outputs the global `x` (10).

4. **End of Main Function:**
- Finally, `cout << "x is " << x << endl;` outputs the `x` from the main function's scope (20).

Understanding how scope works in C++ is crucial for effectively utilizing variables and avoiding potential naming conflicts.

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