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In what layer would you find each of the following molecules after a base extraction with 10% NaOH? H OH

In what layer would you find each of the following molecules after a base extraction with 10% NaOH? H OH

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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The layers are either a organic solvent or aqueous solvent. 

**Question:** In what layer would you find each of the following molecules after a base extraction with 10% NaOH? **Molecules:** 1. **Molecule 1: Biphenyl** - Structure: Two benzene rings connected by a single bond (C6H5-C6H5). 2. **Molecule 2: 4-Chlorotoluene** - Structure: A benzene ring substituted with a methyl group (CH3) and a chlorine atom (Cl) in the para position (C6H4-CH3-Cl). 3. **Molecule 3: Benzaldehyde** - Structure: A benzene ring substituted with an aldehyde group (-CHO) (C6H5-CHO). 4. **Molecule 4: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid** - Structure: A cyclopropane ring (C3H5) substituted with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). **Explanation:** When performing a base extraction using 10% NaOH, the acidic components in the mixture will react with the base (NaOH), forming their corresponding conjugate bases (carboxylate or phenoxide ions), which are more water-soluble. These conjugate bases will thus be found in the aqueous layer, while the neutral or non-acidic compounds will remain in the organic layer. - **Biphenyl** (Molecule 1): Non-acidic, non-polar compound. It will remain in the organic layer after extraction. - **4-Chlorotoluene** (Molecule 2): Non-acidic, slightly polar due to the chlorine atom but not enough to dissolve in the aqueous layer. It will remain in the organic layer. - **Benzaldehyde** (Molecule 3): Contains an aldehyde group, which is slightly polar but not acidic enough to react with NaOH. It will remain in the organic layer. - **Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid** (Molecule 4): Contains a carboxylic acid group, which will react with NaOH to form the water-soluble carboxylate salt. It will be found in the aqueous layer after extraction.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** In what layer would you find each of the following molecules after a base extraction with 10% NaOH? **Molecules:** 1. **Molecule 1: Biphenyl** - Structure: Two benzene rings connected by a single bond (C6H5-C6H5). 2. **Molecule 2: 4-Chlorotoluene** - Structure: A benzene ring substituted with a methyl group (CH3) and a chlorine atom (Cl) in the para position (C6H4-CH3-Cl). 3. **Molecule 3: Benzaldehyde** - Structure: A benzene ring substituted with an aldehyde group (-CHO) (C6H5-CHO). 4. **Molecule 4: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid** - Structure: A cyclopropane ring (C3H5) substituted with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). **Explanation:** When performing a base extraction using 10% NaOH, the acidic components in the mixture will react with the base (NaOH), forming their corresponding conjugate bases (carboxylate or phenoxide ions), which are more water-soluble. These conjugate bases will thus be found in the aqueous layer, while the neutral or non-acidic compounds will remain in the organic layer. - **Biphenyl** (Molecule 1): Non-acidic, non-polar compound. It will remain in the organic layer after extraction. - **4-Chlorotoluene** (Molecule 2): Non-acidic, slightly polar due to the chlorine atom but not enough to dissolve in the aqueous layer. It will remain in the organic layer. - **Benzaldehyde** (Molecule 3): Contains an aldehyde group, which is slightly polar but not acidic enough to react with NaOH. It will remain in the organic layer. - **Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid** (Molecule 4): Contains a carboxylic acid group, which will react with NaOH to form the water-soluble carboxylate salt. It will be found in the aqueous layer after extraction.
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